Fig. 1

The effect of HG on apoptosis in hGECs. a hGECs were treated with 5.5, 15, 25, and 50 mmol/L glucose for 48 h. Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL assay. Scale bar = 80 μm. b. The protein level of caspase 9 was detected by western blotting (representative images and statistical analysis). *P < 0.05 versus 5.5 mmol/L. ^#P < 0.05. c. hGECs were treated with or without 25 mmol/L glucose for 12 and 48 h. Apoptotic cells were identified by TUNEL assay. Scale bar indicates 80 μm. d. The protein level of caspase 9 was detected by western blotting (representative images and statistical analysis). *P < 0.05 versus NG 12 h. ^#P < 0.05. e. MMP was measured by LSCM analysis of JC-1 staining. Scale bar = 10 μm. f. The ratio of red/green fluorescence intensity was assembled from the statistical analysis. Significant differences are shown as *P < 0.05 versus NG 12 h. ^#P < 0.05. Data from representative experiments are shown as the mean ± SD from a minimum of triplicates per experiment. The original picture of western blots of Fig. 1b, 1d were shown in Additional file 1: Fig. S1b, S1d