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Table 3 Anthropometric analysis results showing the values (mean ± standard deviation) of the observed parameters before and after the operation, their differences (with 95% confidence interval) and their comparison with the t test (p value)

From: An evaluation of three-dimensional facial changes after surgically assisted rapid maxillary expansion (SARME): an observational study

Parameter

Before

After

Diff. (95% CI)

Sig

Inner eye distance | enL-enR (mm)

32.5 ± 3.3

32.5 ± 2.9

0.0 ± 1.3 (− 0.8; 0.7)

0.962

Nasal ala width | alL-alR (mm)

35.0 ± 1.9

36.2 ± 2.2

− 1.1 ± 1.7 (− 3.2; − 1.3)

0.019*

Nasal base width | acL-acR (mm)

33.4 ± 2.1

35.6 ± 2.4

− 2.2 ± 1.7 (− 5.3; − 3.5)

 < .001*

Facial width | zyL-zyR (mm)

135 ± 7.0

134.0 ± 6.0

0.7 ± 2.8 (− 0.2; 2.9)

0.380

Gonion width | goL-goR (mm)

126 ± 6.0

125.0 ± 6.0

1.3 ± 2.8 (1.0; 4.1)

0.095

Mouth width | chL-chR (mm)

48.2 ± 5.6

48.5 ± 5.1

− 0.2 ± 2.8 (− 2.0; 1.1)

0.758

Intermental width | meL-meR (mm)

57.1 ± 4.7

56.2 ± 4.3

0.9 ± 4.4 (− 0.7; 4.2)

0.454

Face height | g-pg (mm)

130.0 ± 9.0

129.0 ± 10.0

1.4 ± 2.9 (1.2; 4.5)

0.082

Upper face height | g-sn (mm)

72.4 ± 5.0

71.0 ± 5.0

1.4 ± 1.7 (1.9; 3.8)

0.006*

Lower face height | sn-pg (mm)

58.9 ± 6.7

59.0 ± 7.0

− 0.1 ± 3.1 (− 2.0; 1.4)

0.857

Nasal dorsum length | n-prn (mm)

50.7 ± 4.9

50.5 ± 4.3

0.2 ± 1.6 (− 0.6; 1.3)

0.688

Nasal tip protrusion | prn-sn (mm)

23.1 ± 1.9

22.5 ± 2.2

0.6 ± 1.3 (0.5; 2.0)

0.092

prn-pg (mm)

76.6 ± 7.3

76.4 ± 7.5

0.2 ± 2.7 (− 1.1; 1.9)

0.802

Vertical philtrum height | sn-st (Mm)

21.6 ± 2.7

22.4 ± 2.9

− 0.8 ± 1.2 (− 2.3; − 0.9)

0.025*

Facial profile angle | n-sn-pg (°)

193.0 ± 8.0

195.0 ± 8.0

− 1.7 ± 2.7 (1.9; 5.0)

0.032*

Nasolabial angle | cm-sn-ls (°)

111.0 ± 7.0

114.0 ± 7.0

− 2.9 ± 3.9 (3.6; 8.0)

0.013*

Nasal width angle | acL-prn-acR (°)

57.9 ± 4.7

64.2 ± 7.0

− 6.3 ± 4.9 (− 15.3; − 9.9)

 < .001*

  1. The statistically significant differences are marked with an *