Where do you live? North versus Central-South differences in relation to Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Adamo, Daniela; Calabria, Elena; Canfora, Federica; Coppola, Noemi; Lo Muzio, Lorenzo; Spirito, Francesca; Giuliani, Michele; Azzi, Lorenzo; Maurino, Vittorio; Colella, Giuseppe; Colella, Chiara; Montebugnoli, Lucio; Gissi, Davide Bartolomeo; Gabriele, Mario; Nisi, Marco; Sardella, Andrea; Lodi, Giovanni; Varoni, Elena Maria; Giudice, Amerigo; Antonelli, Alessandro; Arduino, Paolo Giacomo; Gambino, Alessio; Vescovi, Paolo; Majorana, Alessandra; Bardellini, Elena; Campisi, Giuseppina; Panzarella, Vera; Spadari, Francesco; Garagiola, Umberto; Pentenero, Monica; Sutera, Samuele; Biasotto, Matteo; Ottaviani, Giulia; Gobbo, Margherita; Guarda Nardini, Luca; Romeo, Umberto; Tenore, Gianluca; Serpico, Rosario; Lucchese, Alberta; Lajolo, Carlo; Rupe, Cosimo; Aria, Massimo; D’Aniello, Luca; Mignogna, Michele Davide

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02181-7

Table 5 Multivariate Logistic regression analysis predicting geographic area (target area Central-south = 1) in 270 K-OLP patients

From: Where do you live? North versus Central-South differences in relation to Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Predictors	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5
Predictors	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value
Age	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.612	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.659	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.781	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.551	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.781
Gender: female	0.24 (0.29)	1.27	0.413	0.01 (0.31)	1.01	0.970	0.18 (0.30)	1.20	0.543	0.02 (0.31)	1.02	0.951	0.18 (0.30)	1.20	0.550
Years of education	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.225	0.04 (0.04)	1.04	0.362	0.04 (0.04)	1.04	0.282	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.207	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.192
Marital status: married	− 0.27 (0.31)	0.76	0.380	− 0.37 (0.32)	0.69	0.258	− 0.18 (0.31)	0.84	0.573	− 0.30 (0.32)	0.74	0.340	− 0.27 (0.32)	0.76	0.383
Job: occupied	− 0.25 (0.35)	0.78	0.468	− 0.27 (0.37)	0.76	0.465	− 0.20 (0.35)	0.82	0.577	− 0.21 (0.36)	0.81	0.567	− 0.23 (0.36)	0.80	0.527
Smoker	− 0.07 (0.32)	0.94	0.838	0.04 (0.34)	1.04	0.900	− 0.08 (0.32)	0.92	0.801	− 0.11 (0.33)	0.90	0.747	− 0.12 (0.33)	0.89	0.712
Alcohol	− 1.12 (0.31)	0.33	< 0.001**	− 1.00 (0.33)	0.37	0.002**	− 1.17 (0.31)	0.31	< 0.001**	− 1.20 (0.32)	0.30	< 0.001**	− 0.98 (0.32)	0.38	0.002**
BMI	0.01 (0.03)	1.01	0.821	0.01 (0.04)	1.01	0.850	0.01 (0.03)	1.01	0.826	0.00 (0.03)	1.00	0.974	0.00 (0.03)	1.00	0.882
Burning				1.02 (0.28)	2.77	< 0.001**
Itching				0.80 (0.44)	2.23	0.069
Tingling				0.68 (0.51)	1.97	0.183
Retromolar Trigone							− 0.38 (0.57)	0.68	0.500
NRS										0.28 (0.05)	1.33	< 0.001**
T-PRI													0.23 (0.05)	1.26	< 0.001**
HAM-D
HAM-A
PSQI
ESS
R² (%)	5.5		0.015*	11.6		< 0.001**	7.3		0.004**	15.1		< 0.001**	15.2		< 0.001**
R² change (%)				6.1		< 0.001**	1.8		0.044*	9.6		< 0.001**	9.7		< 0.001**

Predictors	Model 6			Model 7			Model 8			Model 9			Model 10
Predictors	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value
Age	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.704	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.795	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.769	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.718	0.01 (0.02)	1.01	0.582
Gender: female	0.16 (0.30)	1.18	0.586	0.02 (0.32)	1.02	0.940	0.00 (0.32)	1.00	1.000	0.25 (0.30)	1.28	0.406	− 0.27 (0.36)	0.77	0.459
Years of education	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.210	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.198	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.259	0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.205	0.04 (0.04)	1.04	0.363
Marital status: married	− 0.20 (0.32)	0.82	0.534	− 0.38 (0.33)	0.68	0.251	− 0.31 (0.33)	0.74	0.355	− 0.23 (0.31)	0.79	0.463	0.01 (0.37)	1.01	0.986
Job: occupied	− 0.20 (0.36)	0.82	0.582	− 0.37 (0.38)	0.69	0.325	− 0.40 (0.38)	0.67	0.287	− 0.18 (0.35)	0.83	0.611	0.01 (0.42)	1.01	0.982
Smoker	− 0.09 (0.33)	0.91	0.776	− 0.02 (0.34)	0.98	0.961	0.01 (0.34)	1.01	0.985	− 0.03 (0.33)	0.97	0.921	0.07 (0.38)	1.07	0.859
Alcohol	− 1.02 (0.32)	0.36	0.001**	− 1.00 (0.33)	0.37	0.002**	− 1.03 (0.33)	0.36	0.002**	− 1.07 (0.32)	0.34	0.001**	− 0.92 (0.36)	0.40	0.011*
BMI	0.00 (0.03)	1.00	0.896	0.00 (0.03)	1.00	0.936	0.01 (0.03)	1.01	0.883	0.00 (0.03)	1.00	0.987	− 0.02 (0.04)	0.98	0.641
Burning													0.15 (0.35)	1.16	0.672
Itching													0.23 (0.50)	1.26	0.643
Tingling													1.12 (0.58)	3.08	0.053
Retromolar Trigone													0.06 (0.73)	1.06	0.934
NRS													0.18 (0.08)	1.20	0.019*
T-PRI													0.12 (0.07)	1.12	0.070
HAM-D	0.06 (0.02)	1.07	0.002**										0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.145
HAM-A				0.06 (0.02)	1.06	0.005**							-0.01 (0.03)	0.99	0.691
PSQI							0.15 (0.04)	1.16	< 0.001**				0.06 (0.05)	1.06	0.289
ESS										0.11 (0.04)	1.11	0.003**	0.11 (0.05)	1.12	0.012*
R² (%)	8.6		< 0.001**	7.9		< 0.001**	9.4		< 0.001**	8.2		< 0.001**	25.2		< 0.001**
R² change (%)	3.1		0.001**	2.4		0.004**	3.9		< 0.001**	2.7		0.002**	19.7		< 0.001**

SE are the standard errors of the beta estimates. The p values were obtained from the hypothesis test on the regression coefficients. *Moderately significant .01 < p value ≤ .05. **Strongly significant p value ≤ .01
BMI body mass index, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, HAM-A Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, HAM-D Hamilton rating scale for depression, K-OLP keratotic oral lichen planus, NRS numeric pain intensity scale, PSQI Pittsburgh quality index, T-PRI total pain rating index.,

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