Where do you live? North versus Central-South differences in relation to Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Adamo, Daniela; Calabria, Elena; Canfora, Federica; Coppola, Noemi; Lo Muzio, Lorenzo; Spirito, Francesca; Giuliani, Michele; Azzi, Lorenzo; Maurino, Vittorio; Colella, Giuseppe; Colella, Chiara; Montebugnoli, Lucio; Gissi, Davide Bartolomeo; Gabriele, Mario; Nisi, Marco; Sardella, Andrea; Lodi, Giovanni; Varoni, Elena Maria; Giudice, Amerigo; Antonelli, Alessandro; Arduino, Paolo Giacomo; Gambino, Alessio; Vescovi, Paolo; Majorana, Alessandra; Bardellini, Elena; Campisi, Giuseppina; Panzarella, Vera; Spadari, Francesco; Garagiola, Umberto; Pentenero, Monica; Sutera, Samuele; Biasotto, Matteo; Ottaviani, Giulia; Gobbo, Margherita; Guarda Nardini, Luca; Romeo, Umberto; Tenore, Gianluca; Serpico, Rosario; Lucchese, Alberta; Lajolo, Carlo; Rupe, Cosimo; Aria, Massimo; D’Aniello, Luca; Mignogna, Michele Davide

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02181-7

Table 6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis predicting geographic area (target area Central-south = 1) in 270 nK-OLP patients

From: Where do you live? North versus Central-South differences in relation to Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Predictors	Model 1			Model 2			Model 3			Model 4			Model 5
Predictors	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	P value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value
Age	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.731	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.822	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.590	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.842	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.818
Gender: Female	− 0.65 (0.28)	0.52	0.018*	− 0.60 (0.29)	0.55	0.041*	− 0.74 (0.29)	0.48	0.011*	− 0.82 (0.29)	0.44	0.005**	− 0.67 (0.29)	0.51	0.020*
Years of education	0.05 (0.03)	1.06	0.121	0.07 (0.04)	1.08	0.049*	0.06 (0.04)	1.06	0.101	0.07 (0.04)	1.07	0.066	0.08 (0.04)	1.08	0.029*
Marital status: married	− 0.27 (0.30)	0.76	0.365	− 0.10 (0.32)	0.91	0.757	− 0.14 (0.31)	0.87	0.652	− 0.32 (0.31)	0.73	0.314	− 0.37 (0.31)	0.69	0.236
Job: occupied	− 0.41 (0.41)	0.66	0.314	− 0.67 (0.43)	0.51	0.122	− 0.43 (0.42)	0.65	0.307	− 0.26 (0.42)	0.77	0.537	− 0.28 (0.42)	0.76	0.509
Smoker	0.30 (0.36)	1.35	0.400	0.27 (0.37)	1.31	0.470	0.27 (0.37)	1.31	0.464	0.13 (0.37)	1.14	0.724	0.15 (0.37)	1.16	0.693
Alcohol	− 1.02 (0.31)	0.36	0.001**	− 1.09 (0.32)	0.34	0.001**	− 0.98 (0.32)	0.38	0.002**	− 1.02 (0.32)	0.36	0.001**	− 0.87 (0.32)	0.42	0.006**
BMI	0.02 (0.03)	1.02	0.509	0.01 (0.03)	1.01	0.759	0.03 (0.03)	1.03	0.455	0.03 (0.03)	1.03	0.374	0.02 (0.03)	1.02	0.647
Globus pharyngeus				0.93 (0.39)	2.52	0.018*
Itching				0.99 (0.46)	2.69	0.032*
Intraoral foreign body sensation				1.03 (0.47)	2.80	0.028*
Floor of the mouth							0.28 (0.47)	1.32	0.554
Retromolar trigone							1.02 (0.48)	2.78	0.032*
NRS										0.10 (0.04)	1.11	0.019
T-PRI													0.02 (0.02)	1.02	0.410
HAM-D
HAM-A
PSQI
ESS
R² (%)	5.7		0.009**	11.3		< 0.001**	9.0		< 0.001**	7.6		0.002**	5.9		0.013*
R² change (%)				5.6		< 0.001**	3.3		0.006**	1.9		0.034*	0.2		0.413

Predictors	Model 6			Model 7			Model 8			Model 9			Model 10
Predictors	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value	Beta (SE)	OR	P value	Beta (SE)	OR	p value
Age	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.989	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.806	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.736	− 0.01 (0.02)	0.99	0.612	0.00 (0.02)	1.00	0.891
Gender: female	− 0.60 (0.28)	0.55	0.034*	− 0.73 (0.28)	0.48	0.011	− 0.67 (0.28)	0.51	0.016*	− 0.61 (0.28)	0.54	0.030*	− 0.76 (0.33)	0.47	0.020*
Years of education	0.08 (0.04)	1.08	0.036*	0.06 (0.04)	1.06	0.080	0.06 (0.03)	1.06	0.113	0.06 (0.04)	1.07	0.071	0.11 (0.04)	1.11	0.010*
Marital status: married	− 0.33 (0.31)	0.72	0.287	− 0.28 (0.31)	0.75	0.364	− 0.28 (0.30)	0.75	0.348	− 0.36 (0.31)	0.70	0.246	− 0.08 (0.35)	0.93	0.823
Job: occupied	− 0.31 (0.42)	0.73	0.457	− 0.33 (0.42)	0.72	0.422	− 0.40 (0.41)	0.67	0.331	− 0.52 (0.42)	0.60	0.218	− 0.54 (0.48)	0.58	0.266
Smoker	0.22 (0.37)	1.24	0.558	0.28 (0.37)	1.32	0.448	0.31 (0.36)	1.37	0.387	0.24 (0.36)	1.27	0.509	0.00 (0.41)	1.00	0.997
Alcohol	− 0.87 (0.32)	0.42	0.006**	− 1.08 (0.32)	0.34	0.001**	− 1.06 (0.32)	0.35	0.001**	− 0.96 (0.31)	0.38	0.002**	− 0.87 (0.35)	0.42	0.014*
BMI	0.04 (0.03)	1.04	0.308	0.02 (0.03)	1.02	0.517	0.02 (0.03)	1.02	0.466	0.02 (0.03)	1.02	0.596	0.02 (0.04)	1.02	0.581
Globus pharyngeus													0.58 (0.45)	1.78	0.200
Itching													0.76 (0.54)	2.14	0.158
Intraoral foreign body sensation													0.83 (0.52)	2.30	0.111
Floor of the mouth													− 0.13 (0.58)	0.88	0.820
Retromolar Trigone													1.26 (0.57)	3.52	0.027*
NRS													0.06 (0.06)	1.07	0.306
T-PRI													− 0.07 (0.03)	0.93	0.029*
HAM-D	0.08 (0.02)	1.08	< 0.001**										0.05 (0.04)	1.05	0.201
HAM-A				0.07 (0.04)	1.07	< 0.001**							0.01 (0.03)	1.01	0.668
PSQI							0.14 (0.04)	1.15	< 0.001**				0.08 (0.05)	1.09	0.076
ESS										0.08 (0.03)	1.08	0.011*	0.02 (0.04)	1.02	0.545
R² (%)	10.0		< 0.001**	9.8		< 0.001**	10.2		< 0.001**	7.7		0.001**	18.8		< 0.001**
R² change (%)	4.3		< 0.001**	4.1		< 0.001**	4.5		< 0.001**	2.0		0.009**	13.1		< 0.001**

SE are the standard errors of the beta estimates. The p values were obtained from the hypothesis test on the regression coefficients. *Moderately significant .01 < p value ≤ .05. **Strongly significant p value ≤ .01
BMI body mass index, ESS Epworth sleepiness scale, HAM-A Hamilton rating scale for anxiety, HAM-D Hamilton rating scale for depression, nK-OLP non-keratotic oral lichen planus, NRS numeric pain intensity scale, PSQI Pittsburgh quality index, T-PRI total pain rating index

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