Table 1 Characteristics and results of the included patients/defects

Patient-level data

Patient (N)

33

Gender (female/male) (N) (%)

23 (69.7%) / 10 (30.3%)

Age (years)

50.5 \(\pm\) 8.1

Periodontitis stage & grade (N) (%)

Stage III, Grade B: 23 (69.7%)

Stage III, Grade C: 10 (30.3%)

Site-level data

Tooth on surgery (N)

43

Tooth survival (%)

100%

Furcation sites per group (N)

Deg.1(−)

Deg.1(+)

Deg.2(−)

Deg.2(+)

5

14

14

18

Tooth location (first/second molar) (N)

2/3

3/11

9/5

11/7

Follow-up period (months)

27.8 \(\pm\) 18.1

28.2 \(\pm\) 11.0

22.0 \(\pm\) 12.1

25.1 \(\pm\) 18.0

Furcation horizontal change (improvement/no change/deterioration) (N)^*

4/1/0

10/4/0

8/6/0^**

17/1/0^**

Furcation vertical change (improvement/no change/deterioration) (N)^*

4/1/0

12/2/0

11/3/0

15/2/1

Baseline PD (mm)^***

5.80 \(\pm\) 0.84

6.57 \(\pm\) 1.02

6.21 \(\pm\) 1.67

6.94 \(\pm\) 1.51

Post-OP PD (mm)

3.40 \(\pm\) 1.14

3.79 \(\pm\) 0.89

4.00 \(\pm\) 0.88

4.17 \(\pm\) 1.10

PD reduction (mm)^{*, ***}

2.40 \(\pm\) 1.67

2.79 \(\pm\) 1.25

2.21 \(\pm\) 1.48

2.78 \(\pm\) 1.66

Success (N, %)

4 (80%)

11 (78.6%)

9 (64.3%)

12 (66.7%)

Failure (N, %)

1 (20%)

3 (21.4%)

5 (35.7%)

6 (33.3%)