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Table 3 Descriptive statistics and significant (P) values of analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s tests for the temporomandibular joint measurements in all studied groups

From: Age-related variations in position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint in individuals with anterior openbite and crossbite: a multi-cross-sectional comparative study

 

Control group (CG)

Openbite group (OBG)

Crossbite group (CBG)

ANOVA

Tukey’s test

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

CG-OBG

CG-CBG

OBG-CBG

Superior space

       

I

2.438 ± 0.552

2.256 ± 0.612

2.444 ± 0.542

0.176

0.25

0.998

0.228

II

2.535 ± 0.649

2.639 ± 0.753

2.572 ± 0.648

0.744

0.729

0.961

0.877

III

2.711 ± 0.631

2.804 ± 0.851

2.574 ± 0.578

0.255

0.783

0.589

0.228

IV

2.754 ± 0.713

2.827 ± 0.723

2.730 ± 0.640

0.767

0.858

0.984

0.764

V

2.901 ± 0.635

2.919 ± 0.751

3.085 ± 0.737

0.362

0.991

0.399

0.473

Anterior space

       

I

1.725 ± 0.435

1.816 ± 0.457

1.662 ± 0.309

0.165

0.502

0.718

0.143

II

1.822 ± 0.475

2.126 ± 0.678

1.837 ± 0.425

0.007**

0.015*

0.989

0.022*

III

2.041 ± 0.565

2.219 ± 0.700

1.995 ± 0.760

0.223

0.392

0.939

0.229

IV

1.892 ± 0.454

2.006 ± 0.582

1.981 ± 0.670

0.583

0.584

0.72

0.974

V

2.065 ± 0.629

2.186 ± 0.538

2.002 ± 0.556

0.27

0.546

0.848

0.25

Posterior space

       

I

2.029 ± 0.550

2.104 ± 0.561

2.139 ± 0.592

0.614

0.787

0.598

0.949

II

1.906 ± 0.554

2.051 ± 0.602

2.115 ± 0.486

0.154

0.387

0.142

0.83

III

2.028 ± 0.530

2.109 ± 0.536

1.983 ± 0.535

0.614

0.729

0.907

0.467

IV

1.682 ± 0.333

1.866 ± 0.497

1.944 ± 0.392

0.006**

0.07

0.005**

0.613

V

1.801 ± 0.363

2.010 ± 0.559

1.971 ± 0.398

0.049*

0.055

0.143

0.901

Anteroposterior condylar joint position

       

I

0.079 ± 0.159

0.072 ± 0.181

0.114 ± 0.150

0.399

0.979

0.536

0.419

II

0.021 ± 0.135

-0.014 ± 0.205

0.069 ± 0.132

0.039*

0.525

0.303

0.030*

III

0.000 ± 0.163

-0.019 ± 0.195

0.010 ± 0.210

0.748

0.879

0.961

0.732

IV

-0.033 ± 0.180

-0.033 ± 0.173

0.007 ± 0.176

0.428

1.000

0.497

0.496

V

-0.038 ± 0.202

-0.042 ± 0.178

0.001 ± 0.175

0.445

0.993

0.551

0.48

Anterior inclination of the condyle

       

I

27.265 ± 4.933

27.203 ± 5.336

25.454 ± 5.713

0.16

0.998

0.21

0.233

II

29.539 ± 5.041

29.032 ± 6.226

25.163 ± 5.236

0.000***

0.891

0.000***

0.002**

III

31.414 ± 5.929

29.042 ± 6.913

27.069 ± 7.056

0.006**

0.179

0.004**

0.302

IV

31.503 ± 6.537

30.349 ± 7.133

27.070 ± 8.128

0.008**

0.709

0.008**

0.067

V

31.743 ± 5.732

30.409 ± 6.764

28.835 ± 6.466

0.075

0.545

0.06

0.43

Posterior inclination of the condyle

       

I

27.911 ± 5.818

27.501 ± 6.023

28.681 ± 6.801

0.631

0.942

0.81

0.611

II

27.331 ± 4.719

26.886 ± 6.202

25.861 ± 4.961

0.371

0.909

0.355

0.603

III

27.536 ± 4.944

27.197 ± 8.037

29.701 ± 7.547

0.154

0.968

0.27

0.175

IV

26.832 ± 4.092

25.893 ± 6.127

27.784 ± 6.045

0.232

0.671

0.663

0.202

V

28.007 ± 3.638

27.437 ± 5.620

28.043 ± 6.190

0.812

0.851

0.999

0.833

Long axis of the condyle

       

I

16.811 ± 1.792

16.668 ± 1.672

16.887 ± 1.617

.807

.907

.973

.795

II

17.850 ± 1.723

16.731 ± 1.642

17.925 ± 1.742

0.001**

0.004**

0.974

0.002**

III

18.523 ± 2.354

18.013 ± 2.246

18.826 ± 2.091

0.188

0.490

0.776

0.166

IV

19.038 ± 2.110

18.044 ± 2.407

19.396 ± 2.700

0.017*

0.103

0.740

0.016*

V

19.616 ± 3.648

18.092 ± 2.824

20.016 ± 2.342

0.004**

0.031*

0.782

0.004**

Minor axis of the condyle

       

I

8.974 ± 1.019

8.781 ± 0.880

8.533 ± 0.744

0.048*

0.524

0.037*

0.345

II

9.224 ± 0.963

8.864 ± 0.798

8.978 ± 0.919

0.125

0.114

0.358

0.801

III

9.147 ± 1.008

9.026 ± 1.274

8.981 ± 0.859

0.721

0.836

0.714

0.976

IV

9.508 ± 0.868

9.029 ± 1.189

9.416 ± 1.688

0.136

0.145

0.933

0.278

V

9.125 ± 0.860

9.255 ± 1.310

9.529 ± 0.948

0.153

0.812

0.139

0.400

Height of the fossa

       

I

6.179 ± 0.686

6.168 ± 1.055

5.922 ± 0.895

0.268

0.998

0.322

0.354

II

6.509 ± 0.901

6.502 ± 1.619

6.251 ± 0.922

0.471

1.000

0.528

0.546

III

6.808 ± 0.785

6.746 ± 1.335

6.622 ± 0.978

0.67

0.954

0.654

0.828

IV

6.867 ± 1.137

6.489 ± 1.290

6.484 ± 0.845

0.143

0.205

0.197

1.000

V

6.464 ± 1.168

6.206 ± 1.367

6.197 ± 0.884

0.426

0.506

0.482

0.999

Width of the fossa

       

I

17.518 ± 1.404

18.333 ± 1.983

18.896 ± 2.104

0.001**

0.075

0.001**

0.286

II

18.146 ± 2.099

18.755 ± 1.451

19.403 ± 2.054

0.005**

0.245

0.003**

0.204

III

18.605 ± 1.748

19.114 ± 1.765

19.597 ± 1.666

0.018*

0.307

0.013*

0.344

IV

18.505 ± 1.615

18.995 ± 2.015

19.006 ± 2.124

0.336

0.415

0.399

1.000

V

17.168 ± 1.818

18.461 ± 1.441

18.557 ± 1.646

0.000***

0.000***

0.000***

0.954

Articular eminence height

       

I

6.176 ± 0.930

6.148 ± 1.452

5.211 ± 0.910

0.000***

0.992

0.000***

0.000***

II

6.532 ± 1.603

6.496 ± 1.407

5.617 ± 1.156

0.001**

0.991

0.004**

0.006**

III

6.607 ± 1.207

6.562 ± 1.422

5.620 ± 1.276

0.000***

0.984

0.001**

0.001**

IV

6.798 ± 1.315

6.569 ± 1.581

5.772 ± 1.338

0.001**

0.698

0.001**

0.015**

V

6.815 ± 1.538

6.654 ± 1.278

6.122 ± 1.067

0.024*

0.812

0.024*

0.108

Articular eminence inclination

       

I

47.117 ± 9.726

46.773 ± 11.963

44.553 ± 9.038

0.405

0.985

0.43

0.531

II

51.070 ± 11.211

50.005 ± 9.495

46.909 ± 9.722

0.108

0.86

0.105

0.284

III

52.970 ± 11.167

50.047 ± 12.263

47.002 ± 9.960

0.031*

0.393

0.023*

0.363

IV

54.960 ± 10.569

51.524 ± 12.117

47.113 ± 10.338

0.002**

0.268

0.001**

0.116

V

56.678 ± 10.552

52.210 ± 11.656

48.788 ± 9.581

0.001**

0.093

0.001**

0.245

  1. I, 8–11 years; II, 12–15 years; III, 16–19 years; IV, 20–24 years; V, 25–30 years; ANOVA, analysis of variance; SD, standard deviation
  2. *P < .05; **P < .01; ***P < .001
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BMC Oral Health

ISSN: 1472-6831

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