Table 3 Correlates of moderate-severe gingivitis in Kenyan women planning for pregnancy

Study site^a

Nairobi

315 (74.6)

107 (25.4)

1.0

1.0

Mombasa

146 (65.2)

78 (34.8)

1.37 (1.08–1.75)

1.30 (1.01–1.66)

Age, years

 < 25

97 (71.9)

38 (28.1)

1.0

25–29

152 (73.4)

55 (26.6)

0.94 (0.66–1.34)

30–34

113 (70.2)

48 (29.8)

1.06 (0.74–1.52)

35–39

79 (69.3)

35 (30.7)

1.09 (0.74–1.60)

 > 40

20 (69.0)

9 (31.0)

1.10 (0.60–2.02)

Highest education level^a

0–8 years

102 (62.2)

62 (37.8)

1.0

1.0

9–12 years

176 (70.7)

73 (29.3)

0.78 (0.59–1.02)

0.82 (0.62–1.08)

 > 12 years

183 (78.5)

50 (21.5)

0.57 (0.41–0.78)

0.65 (0.45–0.94)

Socioeconomic status^a (monthly earnings in Ksh)

 ≤ 10,000

144 (64.3)

80 (35.7)

1.0

1.0

10,001–30,000

206 (74.4)

71 (25.6)

0.72 (0.55–0.94)

0.78 (0.59–1.02)

 ≥ 30,001

108 (76.6)

33 (23.4)

0.66 (0.46–0.93)

0.85 (0.60–1.26)

Availability of household water and electricity

No

157 (68.3)

73 (31.7)

1.0

Yes

304 (73.1)

112 (26.9)

0.85 (0.66–1.09)

Alcohol use (AUDIT score)

0 (non-drinker)

394 (70.5)

165 (29.5)

1.0

1–6 (Non-hazardous)

56 (76.7)

17 (23.3)

0.79 (0.51–1.22)

 ≥ 7 (Hazardous)

11 (78.6)

3 (21.4)

0.73 (0.26–2.00)

Chronic illness

No

445 (71.3)

179 (28.7)

1.0

Yes

16 (72.7)

6 (27.3)

0.95 (0.48–1.90)

Frequency of teeth cleaning per day

 < 2

158 (712)

64 (28.8)

1.0

 ≥ 2

303 (71.5)

121 (28.5)

0.99 (0.77–1.28)

Time period since last dental visit

0–12 months

72 (77.4)

21 (22.6)

1.0

 > 1 year but < 2 years

30 (76.9)

9 (23.1)

1.02 (0.52–2.03)

 ≥ 2 years but < 5 years

58 (65.2)

31 (34.8)

1.54 (0.96–2.47)

 ≥ 5 years

88 (72.1)

34 (27.9)

1.23 (0.77–1.98)

Never received dental care

213 (70.3)

90 (29.7)

1.32 (0.87–1.99)

BMI

Non-obese < 30

344 (71.5)

137 (28.5)

1.0

Obese ≥ 30

112 (71.8)

44 (28.2)

0.99 (0.74–1.32)

Parity

Nulliparous

73 (72.3)

28 (27.7)

1.0

1

206 (72.3)

79 (27.7)

1.00 (0.69–1.44)

2

120 (70.6)

50 (29.4)

1.06 (0.72–1.57)

 ≥ 3

62 (68.9)

28 (31.1)

1.12 (0.72–1.74)

Gravidity

0

47 (75.8)

15 (24.2)

1.0

 ≥ 1

414 (70.9)

170 (29.1)

1.20 (0.76–1.90)