Fig. 1

Identification of human periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs). a Immunofluorescence showed that PDLSCs used in this study express CD146 and CD105, but negative for CD45. Jurkat cells were positive for CD45. Scale bars, 100 μM. b Flow cytometry showed that human PDLSCs exhibited the expression of cell surface markers, including CD146 (91.8%), CD105 (87.6%) and CD45 (0.05%). Isotype control was used in this experiment. Jurkat cells exhibited the expression of CD45 (82.5%). c Alizarin red staining assay was performed to prove the mineralized nodules formation after 14-days osteogenic induction. Scale bars, 100 μm. d The cellular Oil red O-positive lipid clusters were stained after 21-days adipogenic induction. Scale bars, 50 μm