Table 1 Characteristics of participants according to presence or absence of dental caries
Characteristic | No dental caries | Dental caries | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
(N = 64) | (N = 130) | ||
n (%) | n (%) | ||
Age categories | |||
< 36 | 12 (18.8) | 35 (26.9) | 0.29 |
36–45 | 25 (39.1) | 46 (35.4) | |
> 45 | 27 (42.2) | 49 (37.7) | |
Gender | |||
Female | 39 (60.9) | 85 (65.4) | 0.544 |
Male | 25 (39.1) | 45 (34.6) | |
Education | |||
None | 9 (14.1) | 16 (12.3) | |
Primary | 39 (60.9) | 66 (50.8) | 0.293 |
Secondary | 10 (15.6) | 33 (25.4) | |
Certificate | 3 (4.7) | 10 (7.7) | |
Diploma | 3 (4.7) | 5 (3.9) | |
Occupation | |||
Formal employment | 5 (7.8) | 15 (11.5) | |
Business | 6 (9.4) | 9 (6.9) | 0.591 |
Casual worker | 34 (53.1) | 51 (39.2) | |
Self employed | 19 (29.7) | 55 (42.3) | |
CD4 count | |||
≤ 350 | 8 (12.5) | 34 (26.2) | 0.034* |
> 350 | 56 (87.5) | 96 (73.8) | |
Meals per day | |||
Once | 6 (9.4) | 12 (9.2) | |
Twice | 38 (59.4) | 67 (51.5) | 0.665 |
Thrice | 18 (28.1) | 48 (36.9) | |
> 3 times | 2 (3.1) | 3 (2.3) | |
Tooth brushing habits | |||
No | 13 (20.3) | 14 (10.8) | |
At least once a day | 51 (79.7) | 116 (89.2) | 0.075 |
Alcohol use | |||
No | 49 (76.6) | 107 (82.3) | 0.343 |
Yes | 15 (23.4) | 23 (17.7) | |
Smoking | |||
No | 59 (92.2) | 121 (93.1) | 0.822 |
Yes | 5 (7.8) | 9 (6.9) | |
Ever had a dental checkup | |||
Never | 58 (90.6) | 118 (90.8) | 0.903 |
Once | 6 (9.4) | 10 (7.7) | |
Twice | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | |
3 + times | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | |
Eating snacks | |||
No | 12 (18.7) | 30 (23.1) | |
Yes | 52 (81.3) | 100 (76.9) | 0.491 |
Use of other drugs | |||
No | 59 (92.2) | 113 (86.9) | 0.277 |
Yes | 5 (7.8) | 17 (13.1) | |