Fig. 10From: Analysing root roughness and smear layer relationship by comparing contemporary dental curettes with conventional dental curettes: a randomised controlled trialComparison of the tooth roughness index of all test instruments with the control group. Roughness Index Means represented on Y-Axis. Test Instruments and Control group represented on X-Axis. Grade 0 RI—Smooth and even root surface without marks from instrumentation and with no loss of tooth substance. Grade 1 RI—Slightly roughened and corrugated local areas confined to cementum. Grade 2 RI—Definitely corrugated local areas where cementum may be removed entirely, although most of the overall cementum is still present. Grade 3 RI—Considerable loss of tooth substance with instrumentation marks into the dentin. The cementum is completely removed in large areas, or it has a considerable number of lesions from the instrumentationBack to article page