Table 2 Oral health indicators across subjective chewing problem score (0–3) in developing sample (n = 260)

461.8 ± 394.1^a

366.4 ± 281.4^a,b

337.8 ± 261.9^a,b

290.5 ± 247.5^b

0.004

444.7 ± 33.5^a

365.7 ± 47.1 ^a,b

351.5 ± 43.5^a,b

299.3 ± 31.7^b

− 0.202

0.023

27.3 ± 2.3^a

26.7 ± 2.6^a

25.6 ± 4.8^a,b

24.4 ± 5.6^b

< 0.001

27.0 ± 0.4^a

25.9 ± 0.6^a

25.0 ± 0.5^a

24.0 ± 0.4^b

− 0.276

< 0.001

15.4 ± 2.2^a

14.7 ± 2.4^a

14.1 ± 3.5^a

13.8 ± 4.1^b

< 0.001

15.0 ± 0.3^a

14.0 ± 0.5^a,b

13.3 ± 0.4^b,c

12.8 ± 0.3^c

− 0.263

< 0.001

19.8 ± 8.4^a

17.3 ± 8.8^a,b

15.3 ± 10.1^b

15.4 ± 9.0^b

0.006

18.0 ± 0.6^a

17.1 ± 0.8^a,b

16.1 ± 0.7^a,b

15.3 ± 0.5^b

− 0.189

0.006

10.2 ± 5.5^a

8.7 ± 5.4^a,b

7.8 ± 6.2^a,b

7.8 ± 5.4^b

0.027

9.0 ± 0.4^a

8.6 ± 0.4^a,b

8.4 ± 0.4^a,b

7.8 ± 0.3^b

− 0.157

0.085