Table 1 Characteristics of study sample as reported by parents of children aged 6–17 years—2011/2012 National Survey of Children’s Health
|  | 6–11 years old (%), n = 27,847 | 12–17 years old (%), n = 31,328 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Special health care needs (SHCN) | Special health care needs (SHCN) | |||||
No | Yes, but no functional limitations | Yes, with functional limitations | No | Yes, but no functional limitations | Yes with functional limitations | |
Subgroup n | 21,207 | 5186 | 1454 | 23,186 | 6366 | 1776 |
Dental care variables | ||||||
 Unmet dental needs | 2.7 | 3.2 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 4.7 | 9.8 |
 Lack of preventive dental visits | 11.8 | 10.2 | 13.9 | 14.4 | 12.0 | 16.4 |
Independent variables | ||||||
 Parenting stress, mean (SE)a | 1.9 (0.01) | 2.2 (0.03) | 2.6 (0.07) | 1.9 (0.01) | 2.2 (0.02) | 2.5 (0.06) |
 Social support |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Instrumental, mean (SE)b | 3.4 (0.01) | 3.4 (0.02) | 3.3 (0.04) | 3.4 (0.01) | 3.4 (0.02) | 3.2 (0.04) |
  Emotional, % available | 90.5 | 90.1 | 81.0 | 88.4 | 90.0 | 85.2 |
Control variables | ||||||
Family income | ||||||
 < 100% of FPL | 18.5 | 21.2 | 26.6 | 15.9 | 15.8 | 25.3 |
 100–199% of FPL | 21.3 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 20.3 | 19.6 | 20.2 |
 200–399% of FPL | 30.5 | 28.4 | 33.5 | 30.6 | 29.7 | 26.9 |
 ≥ 400% FPL | 29.6 | 27.3 | 17.4 | 33.3 | 34.9 | 27.6 |
Parental education | ||||||
 < High school | 21.7 | 15.8 | 24.3 | 22.7 | 16.8 | 22.7 |
 High school | 31.4 | 36.6 | 32.6 | 34.4 | 33.6 | 35.8 |
 > High school | 46.9 | 47.6 | 43.1 | 42.9 | 49.6 | 41.5 |
Gender of the child | ||||||
 Male | 48.2 | 60.8 | 63.9 | 50.4 | 52.5 | 58.8 |
 Female | 51.8 | 39.2 | 36.1 | 49.6 | 47.5 | 41.2 |
Race/ethnicity | ||||||
 Non-Hispanic white | 53.5 | 59.1 | 49.3 | 57.9 | 63.5 | 56.5 |
 Non-Hispanic black | 12.4 | 15.3 | 18.7 | 13.2 | 14.8 | 14.3 |
 Hispanic | 23.7 | 16.6 | 22.7 | 20.0 | 13.3 | 18.7 |
 Multi-racial/other | 10.4 | 9.0 | 9.3 | 9.0 | 8.3 | 10.5 |
Family structure | ||||||
 Two parents | 77.5 | 68.4 | 62.5 | 75.1 | 69.3 | 63.4 |
 Other family types | 22.5 | 31.6 | 37.5 | 24.9 | 30.7 | 36.6 |
Children in a household | ||||||
 One child | 15.1 | 18.3 | 17.3 | 26.4 | 26.9 | 25.4 |
 2+ children | 84.9 | 81.7 | 82.7 | 73.6 | 73.1 | 74.6 |
Perceived neighborhood safety | ||||||
 Never/sometimes | 12.9 | 14.0 | 20.6 | 10.6 | 10.9 | 17.7 |
 Usually/always | 87.1 | 86.0 | 79.4 | 89.4 | 89.1 | 82.3 |
Health Insurance | ||||||
 Private | 6.1 | 3.3 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 2.6 | 2.9 |
 Public | 62.0 | 58.2 | 43.1 | 67.4 | 64.4 | 50.7 |
 Uninsured | 32.0 | 38.4 | 53.7 | 25.8 | 33.1 | 46.3 |