Table 5 Simple linear regression for association between oral impact scores of daily performances and oral health measures (N = 700)

Clinical OHS

Decay severity (DT)

3.3 (3.09, 3.59)^b

0.6 (0.51, 0.63)^b

0.6 (0.59, 0.71)^b

0.8 (0.75, 0.88)^b

0.3 (0.31, 0.39)^b

Missing severity (MT)

 − 1.5 (− 1.97, − 1.07)^b

 − 0.3 (− 0.40, − 0.22)^b

 − 0.2 (− 0.35, − 0.15)^b

 − 0.4 (− 0.50, − 0.27)^b

 − 0.1 (− 0.20, − 0.07)^b

Filled severity (FT)

 − 1.9 (− 2.37, − 1.62)^b

 − 0.3 (− 0.42, − 0.26)^b

 − 0.3 (− 0.43, − 0.26)^b

 − 0.5 (− 0.59, − 0.40)^b

 − 0.3 (− 0.31, − 0.21)^b

DMFT

5.4 (4.70, 6.19)^b

0.7 (0.57, 0.89)^b

1.4 (1.25, 1.56)^b

1.3 (1.10, 1.48)^b

0.4 (0.31, 0.53)^b

Decay prevalence (1 + D)

13.3 (12.44, 14.24)^b

2.2 (2.00, 2.43)^b

2.7 (2.51, 2.94)^b

3.2 (3.00, 3.48)^b

1.3 (1.17, 1.48)^b

Missing prevalence (1 + M)

0.6 (− 0.97, 2.19)

 − 0.4 (− 0.69, − 0.05)^a

0.6 (0.29, 0.98)^b

0.04 (− 0.35, 0.44)

0.2 (− 0.05, 0.39)

Filled prevalence (1 + F)

 − 0.3 (− 1.76, 1.19)

 − 0.1 (− 0.45, 0.14)

0.4 (0.05, 0.70)^a

 − 0.1 (− 0.45, 0.29)

 − 0.5 (− 0.69, − 0.29)^b

Gingival index

5.9 (4.95, 6.91)^b

0.6 (0.41, 0.83)^b

1.1 (0.89, 1.33)^b

1.9 (1.65, 2.15)^b

0.5 (0.34, 0.63)^b

Plaque index

7.7 (7.17, 8.30)^b

1.4 (1.26, 1.51)^b

1.6 (1.53, 1.79)^b

1.8 (1.64, 1.94)^b

0.6 (0.55, 0.75)^b

Self-perceived OHS

Tooth decay

13.7 (12.87, 14.55)^b

2.2 (1.95, 2.38)^b

2.8 (2.61, 3.02)^b

3.6 (3.39, 3.79)^b

1.2 (1.05, 1.37)^b

Toothache

15.0 (14.26, 15.79)^b

2.4 (2.25, 2.65)^b

3.1 (2.96, 3.34)^b

3.8 (3.58, 3.97)^b

1.3 (1.17, 1.49)^b

Tooth extraction

 − 1.4 (− 3.52, 0.64)

 − 0.7 (− 1.16, − 0.33)^b

0.03 (− 0.43, 0.49)

 − 0.10 (− 0.62, 0.43)

 − 0.2 (− 0.48, 0.10)

Tooth sensitivity

 − 0.05 (− 2.17, 2.07)

 − 0.3 (− 0.73, 0.12)

 − 0.2 (− 0.69, 0.25)

0.3 (− 0.20, 0.87)

0.2 (− 0.10, 0.49)

Tooth discoloration

2.3 (0.81, 3.74)^a

0.7 (0.40, 0.98)^b

0.5 (0.14, 0.79)^a

0.2 (− 0.19, 0.56)

0.3 (0.14, 0.55)^a

Fractured teeth

 − 3.1 (− 6.07, − 0.25)^a

 − 0.5 (− 1.08, 0.09)

 − 0.7 (− 1.32, 0.03)^a

 − 0.7 (− 1.38, 0.09)

 − 0.4 (− 0.82, − 0.02)^a

Abnormal shaped

 − 1.05 (− 3.64, 1.54)

 − 0.2 (− 0.78, 0.27)

 − 0.3 (− 0.92, 0.22)

 − 0.1 (− 0.80, 0.51)

0.03 (− 0.33, 0.39)

Mal-aligned teeth

 − 0.4 (− 3.16, 2.26)

 − 0.1 (− 0.69, 0.40)

0.3 (− 0.33, 0.87)

 − 0.4 (− 1.08, 0.29)

 − 0.02 (− 0.40, 0.35)

Bleeding gums

 − 1.8 (− 4.52, 0.89)

 − 0.5 (− 1.05, 0.01)

 − 0.5 (− 1.11, 0.09)

 − 0.2 (− 0.84, 0.53)

 − 0.1 (− 0.48, 0.28)

Swollen gums

 − 1.5 (− 4.31, 1.23)

 − 0.4 (− 0.99, 0.13)

 − 0.5 (− 1.09, 0.13)

 − 0.09 (− 0.79, 0.61)

 − 0.1 (− 0.46, 0.31)

Halitosis

 − 0.02 (− 2.59, 2.55)

 − 0.2 (− 0.74, 0.29)

 − 0.1 (− 0.66, 0.48)

0.4 (− 0.21, 1.08)

 − 0.1 (− 0.46, 0.26)

Tooth mobility

 − 3.0 (− 5.37, − 0.66)^a

 − 0.8 (− 1.28, − 0.33)^a

 − 0.3 (− 0.82, 0.22)

 − 0.7 |(− 1.27, − 0.08)^a

 − 0.03 (− 0.67, 0.02)^a

Tooth extrusion

0.5 (− 2.14, 3.16)

 − 0.2 (− 0.71, 0.36)

0.1 (− 0.50, 0.67)

 − 0.05 (0.72, 0.62)

 − 0.04 (− 0.41, 0.32)

SD

Gender (Male)

2.0 (0.78, 3.31)^a

0.2 (− 0.01, 0.50)

0.4 (0.08, 0.64)^a

0.6 (0.25, 0.88)^a

0.2 (0.05, 0.40)^a

Location (Rural)

 − 2.6 (− 3.86, − 1.31)^b

 − 0.4 (− 0.63, − 0.12)^a

 − 0.4 (− 0.65, − 0.09)^a

 − 0.8 (− 0.11, − 0.47)^b

 − 0.4 (− 0.56, − 0.21)^b

Mothers education

 − 0.8 (− 1.58, − 0.01)^a

 − 0.02 (− 0.18, 0.14)

 − 0.2 (− 0.42, − 0.07)^a

 − 0.2 (− 0.41, − 0.02)^a

 − 0.1 (− 0.26, − 0.04)^a

Fathers education

1.5 (0.46, 2.49)^a

0.5 (0.30, 0.71)^b

0.1 (− 0.12, 0.33)

0.2 (− 0.03, 0.48)

0.1 (− 0.04, 0.24)

OHB

Mode of brushing

Miswak

-.3.7 (− 5.54, − 1.93)^b

 − 0.6 (− 0.99, − 0.27)^a

 − 0.7 (− 1.12, − 0.32)^b

 − 0.8 (− 1.34, − 0.42)^b

 − 0.4 (− 0.67, − 0.17)^a

Toothbrush

4.4 (2.82, 5.99)^b

0.7 (0.44, 1.08)^b

0.9 (0.55, 1.25)^b

0.9 (0.58, 1.38)^b

0.5 (0.27, 0.71)^b

Both

 − 4.8 (− 7.68, − 1.89)^a

 − 0.8 (− 1.44, − 0.27)^a

 − 1.1 (− 1.74, − 0.45)^a

 − 0.9 (− 1.68, − 0.21)^a

 − 0.5 (− 0.91, − 0.11)^a

Frequency of brushing

 − 6.5 (− 7.35, − 5.75)^b

 − 0.9 (− 1.10, − 0.75)^b

 − 1.3 (− 1.49, − 1.12)^b

 − 1.9 (− 2.08, − 1.70)^b

 − 0.6 (− 0.71, − 0.47)^b

Dental visit

3.0 (2.48, 3.52)^b

0.5 (0.41, 0.63)^b

0.7 (0.54, 0.78)^b

0.7 (0.53, 0.80)^b

0.2 (0.18, 0.33)^b