Vitamin D, oral health, and disease characteristics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Table 1 Clinical characteristics of children in the NorJIA study population, N = 223

Characteristics at study visit	Values
Girls, n (%)	132 (59.2)
Age at examination, median years, (IQR)	12.6 (9.4–14.7)
Caucasian, n (%)	217 (97.3)
Overweight/obesity^a, n (%)	53 (23.8)
Parental education level^b, n (%)
Low	64 (30.3)
High	147 (69.7)
Age at disease onset, median years, (IQR)	5.8 (2.3–10.3)
Disease duration, median years, (IQR)	4.6 (2.6–8.2)
Oligoarticular arthritis, persistent or extended, n (%)	99 (44.4)
Not in remission off medication^c, n (%)	194 (87.0)
Ongoing medication^d, n (%)
DMARDs	148 (66.4)
bDMARDs	87 (39.0)
Systemic corticosteroids	4 (1.8)
NSAIDs	71 (31.8)
Number of children with active joints, n (%)	51 (22.9)
VAS pain > 0^e, mean (± SD)	2.0 (± 2.2)

NorJIA, Norwegian juvenile idiopathic arthritis; IQR, inter-quartile range (25th–75th percentile); DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, including both synthetic and biologic DMARDs; bDMARDs, only biologic DMARDs; NSAIDs, non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale; SD, standard deviation
^aAge- and sex-adjusted body mass index (iso-BMI) according to the International Obesity Task Force recommendations corresponding to adult BMI (overweight: BMI = 25–29.9, obesity BMI ≥ 30), overweight and obesity combined
^bLow level was defined as primary and high school (education ≤ 13 years), High was defined as university education, the parent with the highest education level defined the level for both parents, n = 211 (12 missing)
^cDisease status categorized according to Wallace et al. 2004/2011
^dMedication ongoing at study visit: DMARDs include both synthetic (methotrexate, hydroxychlorochine, cyclosporine or mycophenolate mofetil) and/or biologic (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, tocilizumab, abatacept, certolizumab, golimumab or rituximab), Systemic corticosteroids oral or intravenous
^eMean self-reported disease-related pain measured on a 21-numbered circle VAS scale, 0–10 cm (0 = no pain, 10 = maximum pain, 5 missing), VAS > 0 n = 136

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