Vitamin D, oral health, and disease characteristics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Cetrelli, Lena; Bletsa, Athanasia; Lundestad, Anette; Gil, Elisabet Grut; Fischer, Johannes; Halbig, Josefine; Frid, Paula; Angenete, Oskar; Lillevoll, Ingrid; Rosén, Annika; Tylleskär, Karin B.; Luukko, Keio; Nordal, Ellen; Åstrøm, Anne Nordrehaug; Skeie, Marit Slåttelid; Feuerherm, Astrid Jullumstrø; Sen, Abhijit; Rygg, Marite

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02349-1

Table 4 Serum 25(OH) vitamin D levels according to oral health conditions

From: Vitamin D, oral health, and disease characteristics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a multicenter cross-sectional study

Oral health conditions	Total N	Serum 25(OH) vit. D, nmol/LMean (± SD)
Caries^a
No	157	65.2 (± 21.1)
Yes	61	52.0 (± 23.4)
Hypoplasia^b
No	213	61.7 (± 22.4)
Yes	10	55.6 (± 20.2)
Opacity^b
No	132	62.5 (± 20.8)
Yes	91	60.0 (± 24.3)
Post-eruptive breakdown^b
No	213	61.8 (± 22.6)
Yes	10	55.4 (± 14.0)
Dental erosion^c
No	74	59.3 (± 24.4)
Yes	97	59.5 (± 21.1)
GBI^d
Low	114	59.5 (± 20.4)
Middle/high	44	55.4 (± 27.4)
DI-S^e
Low	87	55.2 (± 22.6)
Middle/high	54	60.7 (± 22.9)
OHI-S^f
Low	84	55.2 (± 22.4)
Middle/high	57	60.5 (± 23.2)

SD, standard deviation; vit., vitamin; GBI, Gingival Bleeding Index; DI-S, Debris Index simplified (dental bacterial plaque); OHI-S, Oral Hygiene Index simplified
^aCaries included dentin caries (grade 3–5, Amarante 1998) and filled teeth in primary second molars and permanent first molars (5 did not have caries registration)
^bEnamel defects (Brook et al. 2001, Elcock et al. 2006) include Hypoplasia = areas on the tooth with thin enamel, Opacity = opaque white or yellow hypomineralized areas, Post-eruptive breakdown = loss of enamel after tooth eruption
^cDental erosion (Hasselkvist et al. 2010, Johansson et al. 1996) include buccal and lingual surface erosion, and occlusal cupping. Children aged 4–5 and 10–16 years included (2 did not have the examination)
^dGBI (Ainamo & Bay, 1975), categorized into two levels; the lowest third and a combination of the middle and highest thirds of GBI scores. Children aged 10–16 years included (3 did not have the examination)
^eDI-S (Greene & Vermillion, 1964), categorized into two levels; the lowest third and a combination of the middle and highest thirds of DI-S scores. Children aged 10–16 years included (20 missing as those with fixed orthodontic appliances were excluded in these analysis)
^fOHI-S (Greene & Vermillion, 1964) = the sum of Debris Index and Calculus index, categorized into two levels; the lowest third and a combination of the middle and highest thirds of OHI-S scores. Children aged 10–16 years included (20 missing due to fixed orthodontic appliances)

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