Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of class II malocclusion treatment using bi-maxillary skeletal anchorage: a systematic review

Table 5 Summary of mean skeletal changes in the treatment and comparison/observation control groups in the included studies

Author (year) [references]	Maxillary base position (SNA°)			Mandibular base position (SNB°)			Sagittal skeletal relation (ANB°)			Vertical skeletal relation (MPA = SN/Go− Me* or SN/Go− Gn°)
Author (year) [references]	Study	Control	P value	Study	Control	P value	Study	Control	P value	Study	Control	P value
Ozbilek et al. [32]	− 0.083 ± 0.96	− 0.65 ± 0.27	0.180	3.25± 0.89	2.40 ± 0.90	0.093	− 3.18± 0.84	− 3.20 ± 0.85	0.937	0.83 ± 1.57	1.21 ± 0.49	0.589
Al− Dumaini et al. [7]	− 1.40± 1.84	0.25 ± 0.65	< 0.001	2.9 ± 1.03	0.55± 0.97	< 0.001	− 4.00± 0.80	− 0.31 ± 1.01	< 0.001	− 2.25 ± 0.95*	0.50 ± 1.00	< 0.001
Manni et al. [33]	− 0.7 ± 1.6	− 1.0 ± 2.1	0.62	2.9± 1.8	1.1 ± 2.8	0.02	− 3.3± 1.8	− 1.3± 1.3	0.01	− 0.5 ± 2.1	2.2 ± 2.7	0.01
Kochar et al. [34]	− 1.29± 0.59	0.18 ± 0.39	< 0.001	3± 0.87	0.29 ± 0.47	< 0.001	− 4.2± 0.99	− 0.17 ± 0.64	< 0.001	0.41 ± 0.51	0.59 ± 0.51	0.27

SNA°: The angle between 3 point landmarks S, N and A point, determining the anteroposterior position of the maxilla relative to the cranial base
SNB°: The angle between 3 point landmarks S, N and B point, determining the anteroposterior position of the mandible relative to the cranial base
ANB°: The angle between 3 point landmarks, A point, N and B point, determining the anteroposterior relation between maxilla and the mandible relative to the cranium
MPA°: The angle between the line S–N and the mandibular plane, measuring the mandibular base tipping relative to the cranium

ISSN: 1472-6831