A survey of the awareness and knowledge of oral cancer among residents in Beijing

Zhou, Xing-Hong; Huang, Ying; Yuan, Chao; Zheng, Shu-Guo; Zhang, Jian-Guo; Lv, Xiao-Ming; Zhang, Jie

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02398-6

BMC Oral Health

Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with awareness rate, risk factors, and early signs of oral cancer n (%)

From: A survey of the awareness and knowledge of oral cancer among residents in Beijing

Variable	n	Aware-ness rate	Risk factors				Early signs
Variable	n	Aware-ness rate	Age	Smoking	Chewing betel nut	Drinking	Ulcer	White plaques	Red plaques
Total	3055	1617	854	1209	586	779	1222	694	536
Total	3055	(52.9)	(28.0)	(39.6)	(41.9)	(25.5)	(40.0)	(22.7)	(17.5)
Gender
Male	1400	726	414	543	586	337	539	290	228
Male	1400	(51.9)	(29.6)	(38.8)	(41.9)	(24.1)	(38.5)	(20.7)	(16.3)
Female	1655	891	440	666	663	442	683	404	308
Female	1655	(53.8)	(26.6)	(40.2)	(40.1)	(26.7)	(41.3)	(24.4)	(18.6)
P		0.275	0.163	0.333	0.315	0.067	0.297	0.031	0.227
Age
15–29 years	1618	883	468	675	727	426	685	368	301
15–29 years	1618	(54.6)	(28.9)	(41.7)	(44.9)	(26.3)	(42.3)	(22.7)	(18.6)
30–44 years	963	493	283	398	392	259	387	236	173
30–44 years	963	(51.2)	(29.4)	(41.3)	(40.7)	(26.9)	(40.2)	(24.5)	(18.0)
45–59 years	302	148	67	84	89	60	103	60	37
45–59 years	302	(49.0)	(22.2)	(27.8)	(29.5)	(19.9)	(34.1)	(19.9)	(12.3)
≥ 60 years	172	93	36	52	41	34	47	30	25
≥ 60 years	172	(54.1)	(20.9)	(30.2)	(23.8)	(43.9)	(27.3)	(17.4)	(14.5)
P		0.181	0.005	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.037	0.089
Education
Primary or below	60	29	12	15	15	11	12	12	12
Primary or below	60	(48.3)	(20.0)	(25.0)	(25.0)	(18.3)	(20.0)	(20.0)	(20.0)
Middle high	152	60	18	33	29	21	42	23	19
Middle high	152	(39.5)	(11.8)	(21.7)	(19.1)	(13.8)	(27.6)	(15.1)	(12.5)
High or technical school	344	172	73	114	118	76	110	67	50
High or technical school	344	(50.0)	(21.2)	(33.1)	(34.3)	(22.1)	(32.0)	(19.5)	(14.5)
University or college	1842	997	548	755	783	485	766	404	324
University or college	1842	(54.1)	(29.8)	(41.0)	(42.5)	(26.3)	(41.6)	(21.9)	(17.6)
Graduate or higher	657	359	203	292	304	186	292	188	131
Graduate or higher	657	(54.6)	(30.9)	(44.4)	(46.3)	(28.3)	(44.4)	(28.6)	(19.9)
P		0.006	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.001	0.230
Residence
Downtown	481	271	141	192	197	138	195	122	92
Downtown	481	(56.3)	(29.3)	(39.9)	(41.0)	(28.7)	(40.5)	(25.4)	(19.1)
Suburbs	1534	848	470	648	690	397	654	367	293
Suburbs	1534	(55.3)	(30.6)	(42.2)	(45.0)	(25.9)	(42.6)	(23.9)	(19.1)
Outer suburbs	923	444	225	330	328	221	334	178	134
Outer suburbs	923	(48.1)	(24.4)	(35.8)	(35.5)	(23.9)	(36.2)	(19.3)	(14.5)
Rural	117	54	18	39	34	23	39	27	17
Rural	117	(46.2)	(15.4)	(33.3)	(29.1)	(19.7)	(33.3)	(23.1)	(14.5)
P		0.001	< 0.001	0.009	< 0.001	0.001	< 0.001	0.003	0.033
Marital status
Married	1340	687	368	503	490	337	512	299	221
Married	1340	(51.3)	(27.5)	(37.5)	(36.6)	(25.1)	(38.2)	(22.3)	(16.5)
Single	1642	891	467	681	729	423	681	380	302
Single	1642	(54.3)	(28.4)	(41.5)	(44.4)	(25.8)	(41.5)	(23.1)	(18.4)
Widow/divorced/separated	73	39	19	25	30	19	29	15	13
Widow/divorced/separated	73	(53.4)	(26.0)	(34.2)	(41.1)	(26.0)	(39.7)	(20.5)	(17.8)
P		0.264	0.502	0.061	0.003	0.004	0.487	0.777	0.714
Income
< 20,000 Yuan	1135	585	293	422	435	291	430	235	178
< 20,000 Yuan	1135	(51.5)	(25.8)	(37.2)	(38.3)	(25.6)	(37.9)	(20.7)	(15.7)
20,000–40,000 Yuan	597	287	147	218	216	129	213	124	92
20,000–40,000 Yuan	597	(48.1)	(24.6)	(36.5)	(36.2)	(21.6)	(35.7)	(20.8)	(15.4)
40,000–60,000 Yuan	493	259	141	197	201	120	193	114	93
40,000–60,000 Yuan	493	(52.5)	(28.6)	(40.0)	(40.8)	(24.3)	(39.1)	(23.1)	(18.9)
> 60,000 Yuan	830	486	273	372	397	239	386	221	173
> 60,000 Yuan	830	(58.6)	(32.9)	(44.8)	(47.8)	(28.8)	(46.5)	(26.6)	(20.8)
P		0.001	0.004	0.003	< 0.001	0.085	< 0.001	0.021	0.024
Medical insurance
Yes	2775	1477	792	1109	1141	712	1120	639	487
Yes	2775	(53.2)	(28.5)	(40.0)	(41.1)	(25.7)	(40.4)	(23.0)	(17.5)
No	280	140	62	100	108	67	102	55	49
No	280	(50.0)	(22.1)	(35.7)	(38.6)	(23.9)	(36.4)	(19.6)	(17.5)
P		0.303	0.049	0.451	0.349	0.540	0.302	0.307	0.458
Smoking
No	2676	1406	745	1075	1104	693	1081	618	475
No	2676	(52.5)	(27.8)	(40.2)	(41.3)	(25.9)	(40.4)	(23.1)	(17.8)
Yes	379	211	109	134	145	86	141	76	61
Yes	379	(55.7)	(28.8)	(35.4)	(38.3)	(22.7)	(37.2)	(20.1)	(16.1)
P		0.253	0.881	0.095	0.704	0.602	0.494	0.413	0.176
Chewing betel nut
No	3022	1592	840	1191	1233	766	1204	685	529
No	3022	(52.7)	(27.8)	(39.4)	(40.8)	(25.3)	(39.8)	(22.7)	(17.5)
Yes	33	25	14	18	16	13	18	9	7
Yes	33	(75.8)	(42.4)	(54.5)	(13.5)	(39.4)	(54.5)	(27.3)	(21.2)
P		0.008	0.166	0.117	< 0.001	0.252	0.189	0.497	0.664
Frequency of tooth brushing
Zero	45	24	7	14	16	14	15	12	9
Zero	45	(53.3)	(15.6)	(31.1)	(35.6)	(31.1)	(33.3)	(26.7)	(20.0)
Once in the morning	383	167	80	117	123	69	124	59	46
Once in the morning	383	(43.6)	(20.9)	(30.5)	(32.1)	(18.0)	(32.4)	(15.4)	(12.0)
Once in the evening	107	56	34	45	41	28	42	22	18
Once in the evening	107	(52.3)	(31.8)	(42.1)	(38.3)	(26.2)	(39.3)	(20.6)	(16.8)
Twice a day	2416	1305	698	983	1,017	634	987	568	432
Twice a day	2416	(54.0)	(28.9)	(40.7)	(42.1)	(26.2)	(40.9)	(23.5)	(17.9)
Over three times	104	65	35	50	52	34	54	33	31
Over three times	104	(62.5)	(33.7)	(48.1)	(50.0)	(32.7)	(51.9)	(31.7)	(29.8)
P		0.001	0.035	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.020	0.005	0.010	0.007
Mouth self-examination
Never	482	240	113	173	182	121	170	91	69
Never	482	(49.8)	(23.4)	(35.9)	(37.8)	(25.1)	(35.3)	(18.9)	(14.3)
Nearly every day	435	255	147	191	196	124	199	121	104
Nearly every day	435	(58.6)	(33.8)	(43.9)	(45.1)	(28.5)	(45.7)	(27.8)	(23.9)
Three or four times a week	991	542	302	411	418	264	417	260	173
Three or four times a week	991	(54.7)	(30.5)	(41.5)	(42.2)	(26.6)	(42.1)	(26.2)	(17.5)
Occasionally	1147	580	292	434	453	270	436	222	190
Occasionally	1147	(50.6)	(25.5)	(37.8)	(39.5)	(23.5)	(38.0)	(19.4)	(16.6)
P		0.010	0.004	0.323	0.128	0.075	0.015	< 0.001	0.001

P value < 0.05 are shown in bold

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