Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents

Yoon, Na-Young; Yun, Il; Park, Yu Shin; Park, Eun-Cheol

doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02440-7

BMC Oral Health

Table 1 General characteristics of the study population

From: Associations between environmental tobacco smoke exposure and oral health symptoms in adolescents

Variables	Boys							Girls
	Oral health symptoms							Oral health symptoms
	Total		Normality		Abnormality		P value	Total		Normality		Abnormality		P value
	N	%	N	%	N	%	P value	N	%	N	%	N	%	P value
Total (N = 37,591)	17,187	45.7	9983	58.1	7204	41.9		20,404	54.3	9627	47.2	10,777	52.8
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure							< 0.0001							< 0.0001
Yes	8246	48.0	4248	51.5	3998	48.5		12,598	61.7	5374	42.7	7224	57.3
No	8941	52.0	5735	64.1	3206	35.9		7806	38.3	4253	54.5	3553	45.5
Region							0.004							0.829
Metropolitan	7686	44.7	4537	59.0	3149	41.0		8546	41.9	4039	47.3	4507	52.7
Urban	8177	47.6	4647	56.8	3530	43.2		10,188	49.9	4812	47.2	5376	52.8
Rural	1324	7.7	799	60.3	525	39.7		1670	8.2	776	46.5	894	53.5
Middle and high school							< 0.0001							< 0.0001
High school	6667	38.8	3705	55.6	2962	44.4		8769	43.0	3774	43.0	4995	57.0
Middle school	10520	61.2	6278	59.7	4242	40.3		11,635	57.0	5853	50.3	5782	49.7
Academic achievement							< .0.0001							<0.0001
High	6992	40.7	3953	56.5	3039	43.5		7707	37.8	3561	46.2	4146	53.8
Middle	5149	30.0	3131	60.8	2018	39.2		6493	31.8	3222	49.6	3271	50.4
Low	5046	29.4	2899	57.5	2147	42.5		6204	30.4	2844	45.8	3360	54.2
Stress level							< 0.0001							<0.0001
High	4377	25.5	2156	49.3	2221	50.7		7915	38.8	3157	39.9	4758	60.1
Middle	7778	45.3	4445	57.1	3333	42.9		9181	45.0	4511	49.1	4670	50.9
Low	5032	29.3	3382	67.2	1650	32.8		3308	16.2	1959	59.2	1349	40.8
Toothbrushing frequency in a day							< 0.0001							<0.0001
3 times or more a day	7208	41.9	4528	62.8	2680	37.2		10,955	53.7	5437	49.6	5518	50.4
Twice a day	8173	47.6	4579	56.0	3594	44.0		8350	40.9	3784	45.3	4566	54.7
None or once a day	1806	10.5	876	48.5	930	51.5		1099	5.4	406	36.9	693	63.1
Soda intake frequency							0.015							<0.0001
More than once a day	1319	7.7	752	57.0	567	43.0		901	4.4	396	44.0	505	56.0
1–6 times a week	12,629	73.5	7277	57.6	5352	42.4		13,802	67.6	6366	46.1	7436	53.9
None	3239	18.8	1954	60.3	1285	39.7		5701	27.9	2865	50.3	2836	49.7
Sleep time for fatigue recovery							< 0.0001							< 0.0001
Sufficient	6626	38.6	4364	65.9	2262	34.1		5521	27.1	3032	54.9	2489	45.1
Normal	5852	34.0	3341	57.1	2511	42.9		6844	33.5	3362	49.1	3482	50.9
Not sufficient	4709	27.4	2278	48.4	2431	51.6		8039	39.4	3233	40.2	4806	59.8
Family affluence							0.000							0.032
High	4186	24.4	2355	56.3	1831	43.7		5687	27.9	2620	46.1	3067	53.9
Middle	9402	54.7	5436	57.8	3966	42.2		11,084	54.3	5232	47.2	5852	52.8
Low	3599	20.9	2192	60.9	1407	39.1		3633	17.8	1775	48.9	1858	51.1
Having parents							0.531							0.921
Both parents	16,191	94.2	9395	58.0	6796	42.0		19,290	94.5	9103	47.2	10,187	52.8
Single parent or none	996	5.8	588	59.0	408	41.0		1114	5.5	524	47.0	590	53.0
Parents' education level							<0.0001							<0.0001
≤ Middle	132	0.8	83	62.9	49	37.1		164	0.8	71	43.3	93	56.7
High school	3056	17.8	1747	57.2	1309	42.8		4297	21.1	1969	45.8	2328	54.2
≥ College	10,716	62.3	6021	56.2	4695	43.8		13,119	64.3	6065	46.2	7054	53.8
Unknown	3283	19.1	2132	64.9	1151	35.1		2824	13.8	1522	53.9	1302	46.1

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