Fig. 6

Three-dimensional displacement of the maxillary and mandibular anterior anchorage units. The vector diagrams and color maps showed initial patterns of movement. The anterior anchorage units exhibited labial and mesial inclination with a rotation center at the intersection of the apical and middle thirds of the roots for the maxillary incisors and the apical third of the roots for the mandibular incisors. The histograms show total displacement of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth displayed as crown and root displacement respectively (in mm). AI, model A1; AII, model A2; BI, model B1; BII, model B2; CI, model C1; CII, model C2. The coordinate system was centered on each tooth (local coordinate system); the positive value for the x-axis represents the mesial surface of the teeth, the positive value for y-axis represents the palatal surface of the teeth, and the z-axis represents a positive direction towards the apex of the maxillary teeth and the incisor/occlusal of lower teeth