Fig. 8

PDL hydrostatic stress and the von Mises stress of alveolar bone in maxillary anterior area (MPa). The front side represents buccal. For each sub-image, from middle to lateral are central incisors, lateral incisors, and canines. Positive values indicate tensile stresses for PDL hydrostatic stresses, while negative values represent compressive pressures. In all of the six models, the highest compressive stress of the PDL was concentrated on the labial cervical region and apex for upper incisors, and on the mesio-buccal cervical and apex area for upper canines. The stresses of alveolar bone were mostly distributed on the labial surface and concentrated on the cervical and apex region