Table 3 Eligible studies for OM therapy
First author (year) | Population | Intervention | Experimental arm 1 | Experimental arm 2 | Control arm | Outcomes | Study design | OM assessment grade | OM assessment performer | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dodd (2000) [21] | 142 patients under chemotherapy (51 in the experimental arm 1, 49 in the experimental arm 2, 42 in the control arm) | therapy | CHX gluconate mouthwash (0.12%) | “Magic” mouthwash: lidocaine solution (0.5%), 5 mL; diphenhydramine hydrochloride, 0.25 mL; and aluminum hydroxide suspension, 14.75 mL | Salt and SB mouthwash | Effectiveness of the mouthwash, severity of OM | RCT | Oral assessment guide | Intervention nurses plus telephone assessment | No difference with a systematic oral hygiene protocol. |
Dodd (2003) [22] | 30 patients under radiotherapy (14 in the experimental arm and 16 in the control arm) | therapy | Micronized sucralfate (Carafate) mouthwash | – | Salt and SB mouthwash | Severity of OM, severity of mucositis-related pain, and time required to heal RT-induced mucositis | RCT | MacDibbs score | Intervention nurses plus telephone assessment | No differences |
Satheeshkumar (2010) [23] | 24 patients under radiotherapy (12 in the experimental arm and 12 in the control arm) | therapy | Triclosan mouthwash | – | SB mouthwash | Severity of OM, food intake, weight loss, and pain | RCT | Who grading of mucositis | unknown | Control group took 45 days to resolve; experimental group took less than 28 days. |
Choi (2012) [24] | 48 patients under chemotherapy (24 in the experimental arm and 24 in the control arm | therapy | CHX mouthwash and SB | – | SB mouthwash | Effectiveness of oral care by SB solution and CHX mouthwash on the severity of OM, limitations of daily activities, oral bacterial colonization, and clinical signs associated with infection | RCT | WHO Oral Toxicity Scale (WHO, 1979) | unknown | The incidence rate of ulcerative OM in the SB group (25.0%) was significantly lower than that in the CHX group (62.5%). |
Cabrera-Jaime (2017) [25] | 45 patients under chemotherapy (15 in the experimental arm 1, 15 in the experimental arm 2, 15 in the control arm) | therapy | SB 5% aqueous solution plus Plantago major extract | SB 5% aqueous solution plus CHX 0.12% | SB 5% aqueous solution plus SB 5% aqueous solution | Mouthwash efficacy; pain intensity, oral intake capacity; and quality of life | RCT | WHO mucositis scale | Clinical nurse plus telephone assessment | No significant differences |
Mubaraki (2020) [16] | 45 patients under radiotherapy (15 in the experimental arm 1, 15 in the experimental arm 2, 15 in the control arm) | therapy | 0.12% CHX gluconate + SB 3% aqueous solution + nystatin 5000 U/mL and supersaturated calcium phosphate rinse | 0.12% CHX gluconate + SB 3% aqueous solution + nystatin 5000 U/mL and an extra-soft toothbrush | 0.12% CHX gluconate + SB 3% aqueous solution + nystatin 5000 U/mL | Severity of OM | RCT | Who mucositis scale | Oncologic team | No differences |
Mohammadi (2022) [26] | 144 patients under chemotherapy (48 in each group) | therapy | Zinc chloride mouthwash 0.2% | SB mouthwash 5% | Sterile water mouthwash | Severity of OM, quality of life | RCT | WHO grading of mucositis | Clinical nurse in oncology clinic | The severity of OM in the SB and zinc chloride groups decreased from end of the first week until the third week. The zinc chloride group had better performance promoting the quality of life than the SB group. |