Table 1 Participant characteristics

Edentulism

16,868

15.9

Deprivation

15,049

1.2 (0.9)

Sociodemographic covariates

 Biological mother absent

15,049

7.2

23.6^¶a

Sex

17,610

 1

6841

45.5

17.0^¶b

 Female

9200

52.2

17.3^¶b

 2

3430

22.8

19.3^¶b

 Male

8410

47.8

14.4

 ≥ 3

1455

9.7

24.0^¶b

Education

17,610

Marital status

17,610

 < Primary

7931

45.0

22.6^¶b

 Married and lived with spouse

13,700

77.8

13.5

 Primary school

3597

20.4

13.6^¶b

 Widowed

2475

14.1

31.3^¶b

 Middle school

3894

22.1

8.8^¶b

 Others

1435

8.1

11.5

 ≥ High school

2188

12.4

7.2

Hukou residence

17,610

Early life adversity (W1)

 Rural

10,008

56.8

19.1^¶b

 Threat

15,323

0.9 (1.1)

 Urban

7602

43.2

10.1

  Unsafe community dwelling

15,323

8.5

21.7^¶a

Current health conditions

  Peer bullying

15,323

13.0

16.2

 Hypertension

10,490

24.0

19.2^¶a

  Female guardian physical abuse

15,323

23.7

18.8^¶a

 Diabetes

10,490

5.9

16.7

  Male guardian physical abuse

15,323

16.2

20.1^¶a

 Dyslipidemia

10,490

10.4

16.0

  Sibling beat

15,323

6.2

20.5^¶a

 Pulmonary diseases

10,490

10.7

23.1^¶a

  Parental conflict

15,323

21.2

17.3^§a

 Heart diseases

10,490

12.0

20.51^¶a

  0

7628

49.8

16.1

 Kidney diseases

10,490

6.7

21.9^§a

  1

3945

25.7

16.7

 Disability

13,983

3.3

15.6

  2

2168

14.1

18.7^§b

 Depressive symptoms

13,171

18.9

19.3^¶a

  ≥ 3

1582

10.3

26.0^¶b

 Alcohol drinking

17,610

26.0

12.2

 Current smoke

17,610

27.0

15.1