Fig. 1

Establishment of finite element mesh model and loading conditions. a Geometric models of prefabricated zirconia crown, cement, and tooth part, and their combined finite element (FE) mesh model (cement 500 case). Note that blue, gray, and red parts in the FE mesh are crown, cement, and tooth, respectively. b Loading conditions for simulating mastication of children. For both vertical and angular forces, three points on the fossa and two points on the cusps were considered, and 40 N of force was applied to each node (200 N in total)