Fig. 1

Effects of LLLT on MRONJ-like mouse model. A The study's experimental protocols are depicted in this diagram. B Representative intraoral photos. (Ctrl: non-drug treatment group; Zol: treated with Zol group; Zol + LLLT: treated with Zol and LLLT group). Green dotted lines represent unhealed gingiva. C MicroCT reconstructed 3D images of tooth sockets. Green dotted lines represent tooth sockets. D, E Quantification of BMD and BV/TV in each group. F H&E staining shows tooth extraction sockets-wound healing in each group. Black dotted boxes represent magnified boxed regions. Green dotted lines represent unhealed gingiva. Green dot lines represent necrotic bones. Scale bar = 200 μm (upper), scale bar = 100 μm (lower). G H&E staining shows the human gingiva of healthy and MRONJ patients. Black dotted boxes represent magnified boxed regions. Black arrows represent inflammatory cells. Scale bar = 200 μm (upper), scale bar = 50 μm (lower). H Masson’s trichrome staining shows tooth extraction sockets-wound healing in each group. Yellow dotted boxes represent magnified boxed regions. Scale bar = 200 μm (upper), scale bar = 100 μm (lower). I Masson’s trichrome staining shows collagen arrangement in human gingiva tissues. Yellow dotted boxes represent magnified boxed regions. Scale bar = 200 μm (upper), scale bar = 100 μm (lower). (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)