Table 1 3D cephalometric landmarks, reference planes and measurements of the maxilla and defect
Items | Definition |
|---|---|
Landmarks | |
N | Intersection of internasal suture with nasofrontal suture |
S | Midpoint of sella turcica |
ANS | Most anterior point of anterior nasal spine |
Po | Uppermost point on bony external auditory meatus |
Or | Lowest point on infraorbital edge |
Lap | Most lateral points on the nasal aperture |
J | Intersection of the outline of the tuberosity of the maxilla and zygomatic buttress |
Mt | Posterior most extent of the maxillary tuberosity |
Am | Posterior most extent of the anterior contour of the maxilla |
Spc | Midpoint of labial alveolar crest of maxillary canine (No missing canine was observed in all subjects) |
Spm | Midpoint of buccal alveolar crest of maxillary first molar |
Aa | Most inferior anterior point of alveolar crest |
Reference planes | |
Horizontal Plane (FH Plane) | Plane that passes through the bilateral Po and Or on the non-defect side |
Midsagittal plane (MS Plane) | Plane perpendicular to the FH plane passing through the N and S |
Coronal plane (CR plane) | Plane perpendicular to the FH and MS plane passing through the N |