Table 3 Descriptive statistics and group comparison from T1 to T2

SNA

− 0.11 ± 0.81

− 0.01 ± 0.65

0.12 ± 1.11

0.18 ± 0.72

0.35 ± 0.84

SNB^†

0.90/0.63^a

1.50/1.10^a

1.10/0.80^a

0.90/1.78^a

0.30/1.45^b

FH-NP^†

1.00/0.95^a

2.00/2.40 ^a

0.95/1.90 ^a

1.00/1.80 ^a

− 0.05/0.93^b

NA-PA

− 2.31 ± 1.87^b

− 3.55 ± 2.38^b

− 3.91 ± 3.03^b

− 2.59 ± 2.85^b

0.43 ± 1.13^a

MP-FH

− 0.15 ± 2.37

− 0.15 ± 1.76

0.15 ± 1.38

0.41 ± 1.42

− 0.34 ± 1.25

MP-SN

0.69 ± 2.97

− 0.17 ± 1.57

0.20 ± 1.60

0.15 ± 1.58

− 0.3 ± 1.15

Co-Go

2.21 ± 1.52^b

2.95 ± 2.42^ab

4.22 ± 2.39^a

4.49 ± 2.46^a

1.66 ± 2.09^b

Go-Pog

1.30 ± 0.98

1.82 ± 1.68

1.81 ± 1.58

2.25 ± 1.67

1.39 ± 1.38

Co-Pog

2.84 ± 1.23^bc

3.84 ± 2.31^ab

4.87 ± 2.26^a

4.93 ± 1.59^a

2.06 ± 1.35^c

Y Axis Angle^†

− 0.20/1.13

− 0.60/1.00

0.10/0.98

0.25/0.87

0.05/0.75

ANB^†

− 1.00/1.35^b

− 1.80/1.30^b

− 1.10/1.20^b

− 0.85/1.78^b

0.15/0.88^a

Lower Facial Height Ratio

0.63 ± 0.41 ^a

0.86 ± 0.52^a

1.08 ± 0.72^a

0.84 ± 0.81^a

− 0.16 ± 0.62^b

Vertical Ratio^†

0.00/0.05

0.00/0.10

0.00/0.07

0.00/0.03

0.00/0.10

P-A Face Height

0.50 ± 1.50

0.98 ± 1.42

0.83 ± 1.19

0.56 ± 1.54

0.85 ± 1.12

U1-SN

− 2.80 ± 4.74

− 3.17 ± 3.90

− 3.43 ± 4.35

− 4.10 ± 6.00

0.13 ± 2.86

U1-PP^†

0.00/0.80^b

0.10/0.70^b

0.45/1.22^ab

0.70/1.85^a

0.20/1.38^b

U6-PP^†

0.45/1.80^b

− 0.70/1.00^c

0.55/1.00^b

1.60/1.58^a

0.65/1.37^ab

L1-MP^†

0.15/3.52^b

7.80/11.40^a

3.20/5.80^ab

0.95/4.05^b

0.30/1.28^b

U1-L1^†

3.15/7.82^a

− 3.40/7.60^b

0.85/3.52^ab

3.20/11.93^a

0.40/6.37^ab

OP-FH

− 0.77 ± 1.61

0.74 ± 2.22

− 0.11 ± 1.86

0.12 ± 2.05

− 0.47 ± 1.43