Fig. 2

Bone defect establishment process and titanium mesh implantation model. A Three months after tooth extraction, the mucosa of the beagle dogs healed well. The next steps were as follows: B open the flap; C place the simple osteotomy guide plate; D, E measure the range of the bone defect area; F induce a bone defect using an ultrasonic bone knife; G crush the removed bone pieces into bone particles; H perform in situ replantation of the bone granules; I place the titanium mesh; J cover the biofilm; and K close and stitch the flap