Fig. 4

Histological observation of the repair effect of the titanium mesh with different porosities on bone defect. Basic fuchsin staining shows the new bone in dark pink and the mother bone in light pink, while toluidine blue staining shows the new bone in dark blue and the mother bone in light blue. A After 4 weeks, new bone formation was observed around the mother bone in the HP and MP groups, but to a lesser extent in the LP group. B After 8 weeks, a large area of new bone was formed in the HP group, new bone was also observed around the mother bone in the MP group, and to a lower extent in the LP group. C After 12 weeks, a large area of new bone was formed around the mother bone in the HP and MP groups, especially in the HP group where the bone defect area was filled. New bone formation was also observed in the LP group but with a large amount of fibrous tissues. D The Tb. N in the HP group was higher than that in the other two groups at 8 and 12 weeks. The BV/TV was higher than the other two groups at 12 weeks; Tb. TH in the MP group was higher than the LP group at 12 weeks, and Tb. SP was lower in the HP group at 4 and 8 weeks. The difference was statistically significant. MB, mother bone; NB, new bone; TM, titanium mesh. Scalebar = 50 μm