Fig. 6

LEfSe analysis associating bacterial species with clinical parameters. Cladograms depict taxa that were significantly different between the clinical parameters at different taxonomic levels (p > 0.05). Each ring represents a taxonomic level, with the phylum level on the inside and the genus level in the outermost ring. Nods colored in yellow are not significantly different between groups. In the PT group Stomatobaculum longum and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were associated with high plaque accumulation (p = 0.027), while the Streptococcus intermedius (p = 0.033) and Actinomyces naeslundii (p = 0.049) were associated with low plaque accumulation. Thin phenotype was positively correlated with S. gordonii in PT (p = 0.030). In NPT group lack of plaque was associated with Janibacter indicus and Schaalia sp. (p = 0.0236), the high BOP was associated with Treponema denticola (p = 0.035), Tannerella forsythia (p = 0.021) and Prevotella oralis (p = 0.040), while there were no statistically significant associations between microorganisms and phenotype. As only one patient per group exhibited KMW 1 values the association of microbiome with KMW was assessed only for KMW 2 (3–4 mm) and KMW 3 (> 4 mm). In NPT 22 different genera and 46 different species were significantly more frequent in KMW 3 compared to KMW 2, while 9/46 species were of the genus Streptococcus. In PT three species were significantly different between the two groups, Neisseria sicca was significantly enriched in KMW 3 (p = 0.011); while Prevotella oris (p = 0.024) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (p = 0.033), more abundant in KMW 2. No fungal taxa were significantly different between the groups