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Table 3 Changes in the landmarks of the nasolabial folds and their peripheral soft tissues*

From: Three dimensional quantitative study of soft tissue changes in nasolabial folds after orthodontic treatment in female adults

Measurement

Non-extraction

Extraction

M ± SD

P-value

M ± SD

P-value

Nasolabial folds

    

NLF1L

− 0.26 ± 0.33

0.000ƚ

− 0.59 ± 0.30

0.000ƚ

NLF2L

− 0.22 ± 0.38

0.004ƚ

− 0.72 ± 0.31

0.000ƚ

NLF3L

− 0.08 ± 0.44

0.345

− 0.70 ± 0.42

0.000ƚ

L′

− 0.16 ± 0.32

0.016ƚ

− 0.58 ± 0.35

0.000ƚ

L′′

− 0.16 ± 0.38

0.041ƚ

− 0.81 ± 0.45

0.000ƚ

NLF1R

− 0.24 ± 0.37

0.000ƚ,ǂ

− 0.61 ± 0.32

0.000ƚ

NLF2R

− 0.22 ± 0.42

0.010ƚ

− 0.73 ± 0.38

0.000ƚ

NLF3R

− 0.12 ± 0.38

0.101

− 0.66 ± 0.44

0.000ƚ

R′

− 0.20 ± 0.43

0.020ƚ

− 0.58 ± 0.39

0.000ƚ

R′′

− 0.16 ± 0.41

0.055

− 0.74 ± 0.53

0.000ƚ

Lips

    

ChL

0.42 ± 1.54

0.157

− 1.48 ± 0.93

0.000ƚ

ChR

0.42 ± 1.54

0.165

− 1.43 ± 0.89

0.000ƚ,ǂ

ULP

0.55 ± 1.04

0.009ƚ

− 0.93 ± 0.78

0.000ƚ

LLP

0.42 ± 1.21

0.080

− 1.46 ± 0.70

0.000ƚ

Ls

0.49 ± 0.92

0.016ƚ,ǂ

− 0.63 ± 1.16

0.009ƚ,ǂ

Li

0.81 ± 0.97

0.000ƚ

− 0.96 ± 1.60

0.008ƚ

CphL

0.44 ± 0.78

0.009ƚ,ǂ

− 0.55 ± 0.96

0.010ƚ

CphR

0.50 ± 0.79

0.005ƚ,ǂ

− 0.57 ± 0.94

0.006ƚ,ǂ

STM

1.17 ± 0.86

0.000ƚ,ǂ

− 0.61 ± 1.02

0.010ƚ,ǂ

Cheeks

    

CkL

− 0.13 ± 0.88

0.454

0.13 ± 0.43

0.151

CkR

− 0.12 ± 0.81

0.457

0.08 ± 0.47

0.392

BuL

− 0.22 ± 0.52

0.034ƚ

− 0.30 ± 0.58

0.019ƚ

BuR

− 0.29 ± 0.54

0.008ƚ

− 0.34 ± 0.59

0.010ƚ

Perioral soft tissues

    

TN

0.09 ± 0.26

0.069

− 0.03 ± 0.07

0.046ƚ

Sn

0.31 ± 0.46

0.005ƚ,ǂ

0.07 ± 0.54

0.528

A′

0.21 ± 0.64

0.089

− 1.03 ± 0.59

0.000ƚ

B′

0.28 ± 1.07

0.219ǂ

− 0.98 ± 0.99

0.000ƚ

Pog′

− 0.40 ± 0.89

0.024ƚ

− 0.24 ± 0.87

0.186

Me′

0.03 ± 0.81

0.822

0.15 ± 0.88

0.123ǂ

  1. Values are all expressed as the mean ± SD.
  2. M, mean; SD, standard deviation.
  3. ƚSignificant difference of landmarks in the non-extraction and extraction groups, P < 0.05; *The data conformed to a normal distribution and a one-sample t-test was employed; ǂThe data did not conform to normal distribution and a one-sample Wilcoxon’s test was used