Table 3 Comparison of SBC and ABC

Gender

Male preferred

Female preferred

Age

 < 20 years old

 < 30 years old

Location

Most in long bones, rare in jaws

Clinical Symptoms

Mostly asymptomatic

Swelling and pain

Radiographic features

X-rays and CBCT: unilocular preferred

MRI: fluid‒fluid level is rare

X-rays and CBCT: multilocular preferred

MRI: fluid‒fluid level is common

Histopathologic Features

Fibrous connective tissue proliferation without lining epithelium, massive vascularity, osteoblasts, bone-like matrix, and bone trabeculae can be observed

Fibrous connective tissue proliferation without lining epithelium, many hyperplastic, dilated, malformed small arteries, multinucleated giant cells, and bone tissue can be observed

aetiology and Pathogenesis

1) Abnormality of osseous growth

2) Tumour degeneration

3) Trauma-haemorrhage theory

1) Primary ABC: DH11 and USP6 gene (TRE17) rearrangements

2) Secondary ABC: haemorrhage and/or a reactive process

Therapeutic method

1) Surgical excision

2) Autologous red bone marrow injection therapy

3) Hormone injection therapy

1) Surgical excision

2) Polydocanol sclerotherapy

3) Selective arterial embolization

4) Radionuclide ablation