Association between retinol intake and periodontal health in US adults

BMC Oral Health

Table 1 Weighted characteristics of the participates

Characteristics	Retinol intake				P value
Characteristics	Overall n = 9081	Tertile 1 n = 3027	Tertile 2 n = 3027	Tertile 3 n = 3027	P value
Age (year)					0.0007
Mean	50.78	49.96	51.10	51.16
SD	13.49	12.52	13.48	14.20
Age group (%)					< 0.0001
≤ 60 years	75.84	79.94	74.37	73.87
> 60 years	24.16	20.06	25.63	26.13
Gender (%)					< 0.0001
Female	51.72	58.52	55.22	43.23
Male	48.28	41.48	44.78	56.77
Race (%)					< 0.0001
Non-Hispanic White	68.78	59.16	67.26	77.78
Mexican American	8.02	9.36	8.56	6.47
Non-Hispanic Black	10.67	14.88	10.8	7.2
Others	12.53	16.61	13.39	8.54
Education level (%)					< 0.0001
< High school	14.17	18.55	13.9	10.93
High school	20.65	21.55	21.4	19.29
> High school	65.08	59.8	64.52	69.78
PI (%)					< 0.0001
≤ 1.3	17.8	21.29	17.91	14.93
1.3–3.5	31.69	34.49	30.13	30.84
> 3.5	44.47	38.27	45.29	48.68
Marital status (%)					0.0303
Married/living as married	69.55	67.66	79.6	70.14
Never married	10.39	9.98	10.4	10.7
Separated/divorced/widowed	20.03	22.36	18.95	19.12
Smoking habit (%)					0.0011
Non smoker	56.89	56.06	56.84	57.6
Former smoker	26.36	24.66	26.83	27.29
Current smoker	16.73	19.24	16.32	15.11
Alcohol consumption (%)					< 0.0001
Mild	38.1	33.85	38.58	41.05
Moderate	18.67	20.17	17.53	18.47
Heavy	14.58	16.77	14.99	12.48
Obesity (%)					0.4949
No	62.21	61.68	61.6	63.16
Yes	37.39	37.8	38.01	36.53
Diabetes mellitus (%)					0.3126
No	89.74	89.75	89.46	89.97
Yes	9.48	9.73	9.54	9.22
Hypertension (%)					< 0.0001
No	60.05	60.18	56.69	62.9
Yes	39.95	39.82	43.31	37.1
Total energy intake (Kcal/d)					< 0.0001
Mean	2103.14	1713.15	2022.56	2484.32
SD	787.62	640.03	652.73	829.01
Periodontitis (%)					< 0.0001
Non/mild periodontitis	62.78	59.06	63.99	64.69
Moderate/severe periodontitis	37.22	40.94	36.01	35.31

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