Table 2 Intragroup comparison of skeletal, dental, soft tissue, pharyngeal airway, cervical posture, hyoid bone position, and soft palate changes

82.16 ± 2.66

82.36 ± 2.73

0.415

79.21 ± 3.03

78.77 ± 3.45

0.001*

75.73 ± 2.67

76.34 ± 2.47

0.004*

73.95 ± 3.19

75.26 ± 3.56

0.001*

6.40 ± 1.57

6.02 ± 1.81

0.178

5.26 ± 1.50

3.51 ± 1.61

0.001*

5.01 ± 1.49

3.83 ± 2.25

0.020*

5.03 ± 1.70

4.37 ± 5.97

0.050^a*

24.16 ± 8.14

19.17 ± 7.33

0.020*

23.36 ± 7.31

21.03 ± 5.43

0.003^a*

5.51 ± 1.52

6.05 ± 1.53

0.026*

4.30 ± 1.88

5.90 ± 2.09

0.001*

27.40 ± 5.64

30.47 ± 5.79

0.003*

23.77 ± 6.05

27.56 ± 4.46

0.001*

2.48 ± 1.59

3.02 ± 2.54

0.146

2.29 ± 1.13

2.23 ± 1.19

0.001*

29.95 ± 6.42

30.61 ± 6.58

0.429

31.48 ± 5.65

32.42 ± 6.14

0.001*

122.03 ± 10.08

120.33 ± 9.33

0.279

127.59 ± 12.06

122.88 ± 7.47

0.010*

22.59 ± 5.79

23.25 ± 7.14

0.360

24.26 ± 4.33

25.91 ± 5.02

0.001*

59.32 ± 5.30

55.82 ± 5.90

0.006*

60.61 ± 7.84

58.45 ± 6.09

0.005*

98.08 ± 7.81

100.92 ± 7.99

0.005^a*

95.11 ± 6.79

97.64 ± 6.65

0.001*

103.33 ± 6.48

105.64 ± 10.98

0.248

100.23 ± 5.68

105.00 ± 7.13

0.003*

65.00 ± 5.99

66.61 ± 7.57

0.188

63.47 ± 4.64

66.15 ± 4.13

0.010^a*

52.07 ± 5.16

53.50 ± 8.81

0.280

50.08 ± 5.27

53.01 ± 5.86

0.001*

106.31 ± 8.04

101.43 ± 7.83

0.021*

102.58 ± 7.56

100.81 ± 6.39

0.005*

114.48 ± 8.07

110.36 ± 7.36

0.059

111.48 ± 8.00

108.11 ± 6.50

0.157

22.59 ± 5.79

23.25 ± 7.14

0.360

24.26 ± 4.33

23.91 ± 5.02

0.001*

0.48 ± 0.46

0.38 ± 0.49

0.407^a

0.72 ± 0.59

0.51 ± 0.56

0255^a

7.47 ± 1.46

4.55 ± 2.23

0.001*

6.94 ± 2.55

3.95 ± 1.75

0.216

169.26 ± 4.58

171.01 ± 6.32

0.042*

171.30 ± 4.12

175.01 ± 4.41

0.001*

77.15 ± 2.89

78.08 ± 3.24

0.003*

75.26 ± 3.21

76.51 ± 3.67

0.001*

128.26 ± 6.19

127.60 ± 7.27

0.248

127.39 ± 5.84

126.18 ± 5.60

0.001*

157.10 ± 6.69

159.76 ± 5.14

0.011^a*

158.51 ± 5.40

162.85 ± 5.83

0.002*

113.67 ± 27.97

114.21 ± 9.22

0.717^a

108.13 ± 10.48

110.61 ± 10.54

0.001*

104.94 ± 15.35

113.30 ± 19.13

0.005*

111.07 ± 23.50

123.41 ± 19.43

0.003^a*

1.72 ± 2.15

1.89 ± 1.25

0.407^a

1.98 ± 1.54

2.23 ± 1.78

0.731

2.69 ± 2.59

1.90 ± 1.42

0.260^a

1.74 ± 1.24

0.23 ± 1.60

0.382

17.03 ± 44.13

21.54 ± 48.45

0.157^a

20.09 ± 48.27

63.39 ± 146.92

0.485^a

22.48 ± 5.04

22.71 ± 4.66

0.671

22.51 ± 2.48

22.80 ± 3.01

0.776^a

18.05 ± 3.32

18.65 ± 4.08

0.912

18.38 ± 2.32

17.73 ± 3.20

0.678

27.23 ± 4.39

27.80 ± 3.93

0.334^a

26.23 ± 5.52

36.05 ± 27.65

0.069^a

40.68 ± 5.19

40.80 ± 5.56

0.930

40.58 ± 3.44

40.78 ± 2.91

0.196^a

43.20 ± 4.49

42.88 ± 5.84

0.758

43.14 ± 3.18

41.83 ± 4.10

0.148^a

44.16 ± 44.87

49.33 ± 50.48

0.872^a

46.32 ± 51.84

99.45 ± 173.51

0.509

8.84 ± 1.33

9.14 ± 1.51

0.443

8.83 ± 1.31

9.63 ± 1.60

0.070^a

28.77 ± 3.99

29.67 ± 4.71

0.122^a

29.93 ± 3.16

29.35 ± 3.45

0.001*

131.90 ± 7.63

129.59 ± 7.48

0.153

133.30 ± 4.42

129.03 ± 5.77

0.006*

97.56 ± 11.15

100.81 ± 12.39

0.032*

102.45 ± 9.83

104.76 ± 9.98

0.001*

104.04 ± 10.73

107.73 ± 11.32

0.012*

106.78 ± 8.94

110.33 ± 8.92

0.001*

89.47 ± 7.27

86.03 ± 20.87

0.409^a

93.62 ± 9.08

93.31 ± 9.18

0.986

95.95 ± 7.17

98.23 ± 9.94

0.192

97.981 ± 8.05

98.90 ± 8.56

0.001*

6.48 ± 2.88

6.42 ± 3.31

0.317

15.60 ± 43.92

15.47 ± 3.27

0.036^a*

11.31 ± 7.06

14.54 ± 10.63

0.324^a

8.05 ± 5.32

11.13 ± 7.18

0.105

95.68 ± 7.22

97.62 ± 12.53

0.080^a

93.12 ± 6.72

95.35 ± 8.20

0.001*