Table 3 Multilevel model adjusted prevalence ratio (PR) estimates and 95% CIs for the association between social determinants of health and Untreated caries prevalence, Prevalence of caries experience and Caries damage count
Indicator | Categories | Untreated Caries prevalence (UCP) | Prevalence of caries experience (dmft-prevalence) | Caries damage count (dmft ≥ 1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
PR (95%CI) | PR (95% CI) | PR (95% CI) | ||
CHDI | High | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) |
(Ref. = Low) | Very high | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) |
Rural | 3.0 (2.3–3.9) | 1.7 (1.4–1.9) | 1.3 (1.2–1.5) | |
Type of school | Public | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.6 (1.1–2.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) |
(Ref. = Private paid) | Private subsidized | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
Family income | 0.9 (0.8–0.9) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | |
Caregiver’s educational level | Primary | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.2 (0.9–1.4) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) |
(Ref. = Post-secondary) | Secondary | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Health insurance | Public | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) |
Child’s sex | Male | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | 1.1 (1.0–1.2) | 1.2 (1.1–1.3) |
Child’s age | 2 years old | 3.7 (2.2–6.3) | 3.7 (2.2–6.4) | 1.8 (1.2–2.6) |
(Ref. = 1 year old) | 3 years old | 6.6 (3.9–10.9) | 6.6 (3.9–11.2) | 1.8 (1.3–2.5) |
4 years old | 7.4 (4.5–11.9) | 7.9 (4.9–12.9) | 1.9 (1.4–2.7) | |
5 years old | 7.4 (4.5–12.1) | 8.3 (5.0–13.8) | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | |
6 years old | 6.9 (4.3–11.3) | 9.2 (5.6–15.2) | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | |
Tooth brushing frequency | Once a week | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) |
(Ref. = 5 to 7 times a week) | Twice a week | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) |
Four times a week | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.9 (0.9–1.1) | |
Gingivitis | 1.4 (1.2–1.6) | 1.4 (1.2–1.5) | 1.1 (1.0–1.3) | |
Use of bottle | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.9–1.1) | |
Sugar beverages consumption | Several times a month | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 1.1 (0.6–1.8) |
(Ref. = Never) | Once a week | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.1) |
Several times a week | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | |
Once a day | 1.4 (0.8–2.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | |
Several times a day | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.1 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.6–1.9) | |
Candy consumption | Several times a month | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
(Ref. = Never) | Once a week | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
Several times a week | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | |
Once a day | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | |
Several times a day | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.7) | |
Variance of random effect of school within district | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |