Table 2 The coronal, apical and axial deviation of four practice courses for three groups (Mean ± SD)

1–3 times

1.08 ± 0.37

0.95 ± 0.40

0.99 ± 0.28

0.671

1.05 ± 0.30

1.24 ± 0.27

1.23 ± 0.36

0.233

NS

2.16 ± 0.93

2.94 ± 0.76

3.30 ± 0.92

0.007

Group 1 < Group 3

4–6 times

0.76 ± 0.28

0.81 ± 0.29

0.89 ± 0.31

0.523

0.91 ± 0.18

0.97 ± 0.31

1.09 ± 0.35

0.313

NS

1.63 ± 0.83

1.97 ± 0.74

2.87 ± 0.66

< 0.001

Group 1 < Group 3

Group 2 < Group 3

7–9 times

0.90 ± 0.31

0.73 ± 0.11

0.91 ± 0.27

0.110

0.99 ± 0.26

0.92 ± 0.15

1.17 ± 0.22

0.015

Group 2 < Group 3

2.04 ± 0.83

1.74 ± 0.54

2.48 ± 0.93

0.068

NS

10–12 times

0.90 ± 0.19

0.73 ± 0.32

0.77 ± 0.25

0.244

1.04 ± 0.27

0.85 ± 0.33

0.95 ± 0.19

0.202

NS

1.96 ± 0.59

1.33 ± 0.84

1.93 ± 0.59

0.089

NS

p value^a

0.070

0.263

0.232

0.520

0.006

0.091

0.392

< 0.001

< 0.001

Multiple mean comparisons^b

NS

NS

NS

NS

1–3 times > 7–9 times

1–3 times > 10–12 times

NS

NS

1–3 times > 4–6 times

1–3 times > 7–9 times

1–3 times > 10–12 times

1–3 times > 10–12 times

4–6 times > 10–12 times