Table 1 Materials used in the study

Clinpro™ White varnish (3 M Espe, MN, USA)

30–75% pentaerythritol glycerol ester of colophony resin, 10–15% n-hexane, 1–15% ethyl alcohol, 5% sodium fluoride, 1–5% flavor enhancer1–5% thickener, 1–5% food grade flavor, < 5% modified tricalcium phosphate

MI varnish (GC, Tokyo, Japan)

30–50% polyvinyl acetate, 10–30% hydrogenated rosin, 20–30% ethanol, 5% sodium fluoride, 1–5% CPP-ACP, 1–5% silicon dioxide

e-SDF (Globus Medisys Gujarat, India)

25% silver, 8% ammonia, 5% fluoride, and 62% water. This is referred to as 38% SDF

Demineralization solution

(2.20 mmol/L calcium chloride, 2.20 mmol/Lmonosodium_ phosphate, 1 mol/L potassium hydroxide and 0.05 mol/L acetic acid; pH 4.4)

Remineralization solutions

(1.5 mmol/L calcium chloride, 0.9 mmol/L monosodium- phosphate, 150 mmol/L potassium chloride; pH 7.0)

Artificial saliva

3.9 mM Na3 PO4, 4.29 mM NaCl, 17.98 mM KCl, 1.1 mM CaCl2 0.08 mM MgCl2,0.5 mM H2 SO4, 3.27 mM NaHCO3, and distilled water