Factors in oral-related quality of life of betel quid users receiving oral mucosal screening: a cross‑sectional study in Taiwan

Table 2 Degree of oral health status, anxiety, betel quid dependency, and oral-related quality of life (n = 175)

Variable	Mean (SD)	Actual scoring range	Theoretical scoring range	Number (%)
Oral health status (OHAT)	5.61(3.08)	0–13	0–16
Healthy				50 (28.6)
Unhealthy				125 (71.4)
State anxiety (SAI)	51.51 (10.78)	20–75	0–80
Mild-to-moderate anxiety				37 (21.1)
High anxiety				138 (78.9)
Betel quid dependence syndrome (BQDS)	7.78 (4.04)	0–16	0–16
Physical and psychological urgent need (BQDS)	3.72 (2.13)	0–7	0–7
Increasing dose (BQDS)	2.68 (1.51)	0–5	0–5
Maladaptive use (BQDS)	1.38 (1.33)	0–4	0–4
Without BQD				27 (15.4)
With BQD				148 (84.6)
Oral-related quality of life (OHIP)	27.43 (8.78)	14–57	0–70
Functional limitation (OHIP)	2.82 (1.56)	2–10	2–10
Physical pain (OHIP)	4.44 (1.89)	2–10	2–10
Psychological discomfort (OHIP)	4.67 (1.71)	2–10	2–10
Physical disability (OHIP)	3.63 (1.54)	2–10	2–10
Psychological disability (OHIP)	4.43 (1.76)	2–10	2–10
Social disability (OHIP)	4.06 (1.90)	2–10	2–10
Handicap (OHIP)	3.38 (1.35)	2–10	2–10

OHAT oral health assessment tool; higher scores indicate more oral and dental problems; based on the OHAT scores, were divided into two categories of oral health, the OHAT score ≤ 3 as healthy, and the OHAT score ≥ 4 as unhealthy
SAI state anxiety inventory; higher scores indicate higher levels of anxiety; based on the SAI scores, were divided into two categories of anxiety, the SAI score > 44 indicate high level of anxiety and scores ≤ 44 represent mild-to-moderate anxiety
BQDS betel quid dependence scale; higher scores indicate higher betel quid dependence; based on the BQDS scores, were divided into two categories of betel quid dependence syndrome, the BQDS score < 4 as not BQDS cases, and the BQDS score ≥ 4 as BQDS cases
OHIP oral health impact profile; higher scores indicate lower levels of function or poor oral health status
SD standard deviation

ISSN: 1472-6831