Fig. 2

P. gingivalis infection promotes HK2-mediated glycolysis in human gingival fibroblasts. Human gingival fibroblasts were infected with P. gingivalis (MOI = 10, 50, or 250). a Gene transcription was assessed at 4 h by qPCR. b Protein expression was analyzed by western blotting at 24 h. c–e HK2 activity; glucose consumption and lactate production were monitored using enzymatic detection kits. β-actin was adopted as an internal reference. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and a Dunnett multiple-comparison test, and values are presented as the mean ± SD; *, p < 0.05 and **, p < 0.01, compared with the control group