Table 2 Univariate analysis of variables associated with the presence and severity of periodontitis

Age

1.04(1.03,1.05)

< 0.0001

1.04(1.03,1.06)

< 0.0001

Sex

Male

ref

ref

ref

ref

Female

0.55(0.48,0.63)

< 0.0001

0.77(0.50,1.18)

0.22

BMI

<=25

ref

ref

ref

ref

25–30

1.01(0.82,1.25)

0.93

0.64(0.40,1.03)

0.06

>30

1.16(0.95,1.42)

0.15

0.51(0.29,0.91)

0.02

Ethnicity

Non-Hispanic White

ref

ref

ref

ref

Non-Hispanic Black

2.17(1.64,2.87)

< 0.0001

1.03(0.66,1.60)

0.89

Mexican American

2.49(1.84,3.36)

< 0.0001

0.88(0.48,1.59)

0.66

Other Race

1.42(1.08,1.85)

0.01

1.66(0.86,3.19)

0.12

Marriage

Married/Living with partner

ref

ref

ref

ref

Divorced/Never married/Widowed/Separated

1.58(1.36,1.84)

< 0.0001

0.95(0.69,1.30)

0.73

Annual family income

<=20,000

ref

ref

ref

ref

>20,000

1.24(1.05,1.46)

0.01

0.97(0.59,1.59)

0.89

Education

Less than high school

ref

ref

ref

ref

High school

0.55(0.44,0.68)

< 0.0001

0.58(0.34,1.01)

0.05

More than high school

0.25(0.20,0.31)

< 0.0001

0.42(0.27,0.66)

< 0.001

Smoke

Never

ref

ref

ref

ref

Former

1.67(1.33,2.10)

< 0.0001

2.65(1.63,4.30)

< 0.001

Now

2.98(2.39,3.72)

< 0.0001

2.79(1.70,4.57)

< 0.001

Drink

Never

ref

ref

ref

ref

Former

1.30(0.96,1.77)

0.09

0.68(0.35,1.33)

0.25

Mild

0.72(0.52,1.00)

0.05

0.52(0.30,0.91)

0.02

Moderate

0.57(0.39,0.82)

0.004

0.34(0.16,0.75)

0.01

Heavy

1.10(0.72,1.68)

0.65

0.47(0.26,0.86)

0.01

AIP

Q1

ref

ref

ref

ref

Q2

1.36(1.07,1.74)

0.01

0.97(0.51,1.83)

0.91

Q3

1.60(1.24,2.06)

< 0.001

0.93(0.54,1.61)

0.79

Q4

1.64(1.26,2.14)

< 0.001

0.88(0.50,1.54)

0.64