Dental pain perception and emotional changes: on the relationship between dental anxiety and olfaction

BMC Oral Health

Table 4 The amount of change in vital signs, anxiety, and pain scores between the first and second phases

Parameters	Lavender Group (Mean ± SD)	Control Group(Mean ± SD)	P- Value	ANOVA test
Parameters	Lavender Group (Mean ± SD)	Control Group(Mean ± SD)	P- Value	Coefficient	95% CI	P-value
SBP changes	- 7.4 ± 12.34	-5.23 ± 11.24	0.124	- 2.9	-8.5, 2.8	0.34
DBP changes	- 1.2 ± 10.25	-0.76 ± 10.54	0.231	- 1.5	-3.5, 5.6	0.62
HR changes	- 7.35 ± 9.21	-5.13 ± 2.98	0.063	- 2.4	- 5.7, 1.8	0.27
RR changes	- 1.34 ± 0.12	-0.98 ± 2.14	0.240	- 0.9	- 1.7,0.03	0.35
Spo₂	+ 1.33% ± 0.25	+ 0.56% ± 0.29	0.154	1.1	1.3, 0.21	0.21
MDAS changes	- 2.21 ± 0.13	-0.43 ± 0.21	0.021^*	- 3.4^{^}	-5.7,—0.8	0.014^*
STAI changes	- 4.7 ± 8.60	-0. 56 ± 0.43	0.023^*	- 4.2^{^}	- 6.9,—0.9	0.012^*
Pain score changes	- 8.82 ± 3.34	- 2.37 ± 0.67	0.012^*	- 2.4^{^}	- 4.7,—0.5	0.023^*

SD Standard Deviation, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, HR Heart Rate, RR Respiratory Rate, Spo₂ Oxygen saturation, MDAS Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, STAI Speilberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, VAS Visual Analog Scale
^* Significant ANCOVA, analysis of covariance; 95% CI 95% confidence interval
^{^} The pleasant scent of the lavender significantly reduced the MDAS, STAI, and pain scores 3.4, 4.2, and 2.4 more than the control group, respectively

ISSN: 1472-6831