Table 2 Univariate analysis of factors associated with peer-inflicted NSIs among first-year dental interns
Variables | Self-inflicted (n = 93) | Peer-inflicted (n = 21) | p-value OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||
Male | 32 (34.4%) | 4 (19.0%) | As baseline |
Female | 61 (65.6%) | 17 (81.0%) | 0.179 2.2 (0.7, 7.2) |
Dominant hand | |||
Right-handed | 88 (94.6%) | 18 (85.7%) | As baseline |
Left-handed | 5 (5.4%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.165 2.9 (0.6, 13.4) |
Month | |||
January-March | 14 (15.1%) | 3 (14.3%) | As baseline |
April-June | 25 (26.9%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.885 1.1 (0.2, 5.2) |
July-September | 21 (22.6%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.647 0.7 (0.1, 3.8) |
October-December | 33 (35.5%) | 9 (42.9%) | 0.744 1.3 (0.3, 5.4) |
Daily time | |||
Morning | 45 (48.4%) | 10 (47.6%) | As baseline |
Afternoon | 48 (51.6%) | 11 (52.4%) | 0.949 1.0 (0.4, 2.7) |
Specialties | |||
Oral Surgery | 32 (34.4%) | 3 (14.3%) | As baseline |
Cariology and Endodontology | 26 (28.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.334 2.1 (0.5, 9.7) |
Periodontology | 27 (29.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.359 2.0 (0.4, 9.3) |
Paediatric Dentistry | 7 (7.5%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.004 * 11.0 (2.1, 56.5) |
Role | |||
Dentist | 75 (80.6%) | 17 (81.0%) | As baseline |
Assistant | 18 (19.4%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.974 1.0 (0.3, 3.3) |
Anatomic sites of NSI | |||
Forearm | 3 (3.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | As baseline |
Thumb | 21 (22.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.990 0.0 (0.0, Inf) |
Index finger | 33 (35.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 0.713 0.6 (0.1, 7.1) |
Middle finger | 9 (9.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | 1.000 1.0 (0.1, 13.6) |
Ring finger | 2 (2.2%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.307 4.5 (0.3, 80.6) |
Palm | 6 (6.5%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.765 1.5 (0.1, 21.3) |
Hand dorsum | 14 (15.1%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.738 0.6 (0.0, 8.5) |
Body side | |||
Right | 50 (53.8%) | 15 (71.4%) | As baseline |
Left | 43 (46.2%) | 6 (28.6%) | 0.146 0.5 (0.2, 1.3) |
Instruments | |||
Syringe needle | 23 (24.7%) | 7 (33.3%) | As baseline |
Suture needle | 16 (17.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.991 0.0 (0.0, Inf) |
Ultrasonic chip | 11 (11.8%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.806 1.2 (0.3, 5.0) |
Surgical scalpel | 2 (2.2%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.114 4.9 (0.7, 35.7) |
Periodontal scaler | 10 (10.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.993 0.0 (0.0, Inf) |
Dental bur | 22 (23.7%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.458 0.6 (0.2, 2.3) |
Endodontic file | 4 (4.3%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.870 0.8 (0.1, 8.6) |
Others | 5 (5.4%) | 2 (9.5%) | 0.772 1.3 (0.2, 8.3) |
Procedures | |||
Local anesthesia | 9 (9.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | As baseline |
Surgical operation | 23 (24.7%) | 3 (14.3%) | 0.301 0.4 (0.1, 2.3) |
Endodontic treatment | 19 (20.4%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.595 0.6 (0.1, 3.4) |
Periodontal treatment | 17 (18.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 0.688 0.7 (0.1, 3.9) |
Chairside assistance | 19 (20.4%) | 5 (23.8%) | 0.777 0.8 (0.2, 4.1) |
Others | 6 (6.5%) | 2 (9.5%) | 1.000 1.0 (0.1, 7.9) |
Perioperative staging | |||
Pre-procedures | 10 (10.9%) | 1 (5.0%) | As baseline |
During procedures | 44 (47.8%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.680 1.6 (0.2, 14.4) |
Post-procedures | 38 (41.3%) | 12 (60.0%) | 0.296 3.2 (0.4, 27.3) |
Assistance | |||
Working alone | 70 (76.1%) | 4 (19.0%) | As baseline |
Working with assistance | 10 (10.9%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.632 1.7 (0.2, 17.3) |
Providing assistance | 12 (13.0%) | 16 (76.2%) | < 0.001 * 23.3 (6.7, 81.9) |
Recapping of needles | |||
One-handed | 84 (90.3%) | 20 (95.2%) | As baseline |
Two-handed | 9 (9.7%) | 1 (4.8%) | 0.482 0.5 (0.1, 3.9) |
Daily number of patients/day | 3.0 (2,4) | 2.5 (2,4) | 0.298 0.8 (0.5, 1.3) |
Daily working time/h | 6.2 ± 1.8 (2,12) | 6.8 ± 2.4 (2,13) | 0.203 1.2 (0.9, 1.5) |