Effect of the ethnic, profession, gender, and social background on the perception of upper dental midline deviations in smile esthetics by Chinese and Black raters

Table 2 Attractiveness scores mean and significance of gender, age, and ethnicity by overall raters (n = 561)

Deviation		NLC scores for overall raters						L scores for overall raters						P-value
(mm)	Male (n = 279) mean ± SD	Female (n = 282) mean ± SD	18-30 years (n = 112) mean ± SD	31-51 years (n = 112) mean ± SD	Chinese (n = 281) mean ± SD	Black (n = 280) mean ± SD	Male (n = 279) mean ± SD	Female (n = 282) mean ± SD	18-30 years (n = 425) mean ± SD	31-51 years (n = 136) mean ± SD	Chinese (n = 281) mean ± SD	Black (n = 280) mean ± SD	Across gender	Across age groups	Across ethnicity
0	2.2 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.9	n.s	n.s	n.s
1	2.3 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9	2.1 ± 1.0	2.3 ± 1.1	2.2 ± 1.0	2.3 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 1.0	2.1 ± 0.9	n.s	* NLC	n.s
2	2.3 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.9	2.2 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.9	2.3 ± 0.8	2.2 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 1.1	2.3 ± 0.4	2.4 ± 1.0	* NLC	n.s	* NLC
3	2.5 ± 0.9	2.4 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.9	2.5 ± 0.8	2.3 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 1.0	2.4 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 1.1	2.4 ± 1.0	2.5 ± 1.0	* NLC	* L	n.s
4	2.5 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 0.9	2.6 ± 0.9	3.0 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 0.9	2.8 ± 1.0	2.6 ± 1.0	2.7 ± 1.2	2.6 ± 1.1	2.9 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 1.1	2.7 ± 1.1	n.s	*NLC + L	* NLC
5	2.6 ± 0.9	2.8 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 1.0	3.1 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 0.9	2.9 ± 1.1	2.6 ± 1.0	2.7 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 1.0	3.0 ± 1.1	2.6 ± 1.0	2.9 ± 1.0	n.s	*NLC + L	* L

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