The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, sex, and age on temporomandibular disorders subtypes in East Asian patients: a retrospective observational study

Table 3 Number of TMD conditions and frequency of TMD categories before and during the COVID-19 pandemic according to sex

	Females (F)			Males (M)			Between sexes
Variables	Before COVID (BC)	During COVID (DC)	P-value	Before COVID (BC)	During COVID (DC)	P-value	Before COVID P-value	During COVID P-value
Number of pain-related conditions
Mean (SD)	0.64 (0.69)	0.82 (0.85)	0.024^ DC > BC	0.63 (0.78)	0.82 (0.76)	0.030^ DC > BC	0.478^	0.775^
Median (IQR)	1.00 (1.00)	1.00 (1.00)	0.024^ DC > BC	0 (1.00)	1.00 (1.00)	0.030^ DC > BC	0.478^	0.775^
Number of intra-articular conditions
Mean (SD)	1.02 (0.47)	1.14 (0.58)	0.003^ DC > BC	0.93 (0.55)	0.92 (0.67)	0.729^	0.158^	*< 0.001^* F > M
Median (IQR)	1.00 (0)	1.00 (0.25)	0.003^ DC > BC	1.00 (0)	1.00 (1.00)	0.729^	0.158^	*< 0.001^* F > M
Total number of TMD conditions
Mean (SD)	1.66 (0.79)	1.97 (0.99)	*< 0.001^* DC > BC	1.56 (0.83)	1.74 (0.88)	0.116^	0.132^	0.028^ F > M
Median (IQR)	1.50 (1.00)	2.00 (1.00)	*< 0.001^* DC > BC	1.00 (1.00)	1.00 (1.00)	0.116^	0.132^	0.028^ F > M
TMD categories
Pain-related, n (%)	28 (10.1)	37 (10.6)	0.862*	17 (18.7)	31 (25.6)	0.232*	0.017* M > F	< 0.001* M > F
Intra-articular, n (%)	126 (45.7)	146 (41.7)	0.324*	47 (51.6)	44 (36.4)	0.026* BC > DC	0.017* M > F	< 0.001* F > M
Combined, n (%)	122 (44.2)	167 (47.7)	0.382*	27 (29.7)	46 (38.0)	0.206*	0.017* F > M	< 0.001* F > M

COVID = corona virus disease 2019; SD = standard deviation; IQR = interquartile range. Results of ^Mann-Whitney U and Chi-square tests. Bold indicates p < 0.05 for before and during COVID comparisons

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