Table 1 Bioactive materials used in this study

Activa bio active Base/Liner (AB)

Blend of diurethane and other methacrylates with modified polyacrylic acid (∼53.2%), silica (∼3.0%), and sodium fluoride (∼0.9%)

Pulpdent USA

TheraCal LC (TC)

Portland cement (30–50%), polyethelyene glycol dimethacrylate (10–30%), and barium zirconate (1–10%)

BISCO,USA

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)

Portland cement, 4:1 bismuth oxide, calcium, silicon and Aluminum. liquid component is consisting H2O2

Angelus, Brazil