Table 2 Abbreviations and definitions of the cephalometric landmarks used in the study
Abbreviation | Landmark | Definition |
|---|---|---|
A-Point | Subspinale | Most concave point on the anterior contour of the maxillary alveolar process in the midsagittal plane |
Ap1 | Apex superior | Furthest apical point of the upper central incisors |
Ap\(\overline{1 }\) | Apex inferior | Furthest apical point of the lower central incisors |
ANS | Anterior nasal spine | The most anterior point of the anterior nasal spine in the median sagittal plane |
Art | Articulare | The intersection of the inferior surface of the cranial base and the posterior border of the ascending rami of the mandible |
B-Point | Supramentale | Most concave point on the anterior contour of the mandibular alveolar process in the midsagittal plane |
Ba | Basion | Most anterior point on foramen magnum |
Me | Menton | The lowest point on the mandibular symphysis in the midline |
Is1 | Incision Superior | The tip of the incisal edge of the most labially positioned upper central incisors |
Is\(\overline{1 }\) | Incision Inferior | The tip of the incisal edge of the most labially positioned lower central incisors |
N | Nasion | The most anterior point on frontonasal suture |
Pog | Pogonion | The most ventral point of the bony chin in the median sagittal plane |
PNS | Posterior nasal spine | The intersection of a continuation of the anterior wall of the pterygopalatine fossa and the floor of the nose |
S | Sella | Midpoint of Sella turcica |
T1 | Gonion superiorus | Most posterior point of posterior border of ramus ascendens |
T2 | Gonion inferius | Most inferior point of gonion area |