Lipid acid | Test group (n = 20) | Control group (n = 20) | FO composition | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
baseline Mean (SD) | 6 months Mean (SD) | Δ | baseline Mean (SD) | 6 months Mean (SD) | Δ | |||
1 | Myristic acid (C14:0) | 0.66 (0.50) | 0.63 (0.37) | -0.03 | 0.82 (0.46) | 0.78 (0.56) | -0.06 | 1.63 |
2 | Myristoleic acid (C14:1 n5) | 0.05 (0.009) | 0.05 (0.008) | 0.004 | 0.03 (0.005) | 0.04 (0.003) | 0.02 | n.d |
3 | Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) | 0.29 (0.59) | 3.851 † # (2.96) | 3.56 † | 0.31 (0.17) | 0.14 # (0.12) | -0.16 | 0.32 |
4 | Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 32.97 (6.84) | 28.66 † # (10.75) | -4.31 † | 32.60 (6.24) | 33.34 (5.62) | 0.74 | 11.30 |
5 | Palmitoelaidic acid (C16:1 n7t) | 0.19 (0.07) | 0.16 (0.02) | -0.04 | 0.12 (0.07) | 0.13 (0.05) | 0.008 | n.d |
6 | Palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n7) | 1.20 (0.35) | 0.81 # (0.03) | -0.39 | 1.59 (0.85) | 1.52 (1.04) | -0.07 | 2.988 |
7 | Heptadecanoic acid (C17:0) | 0.15 (0.15) | 0.13 (0.07) | -0.02 | 0.14 (0.10) | 0.35 # (0.79) | 0.21 | n.d |
8 | Heptadec-10-enoic acid (C17:1 n7) | 0.25 (0.19) | 0.06 # (0.001) | -0.20 | 0.08 (0.05) | 0.06 (0.03) | -0.03 | n.d |
9 | Stearic acid (C18:0) | 23.91 (10.22) | 32.53 † # (14.49) | 8.62 † | 23.64 (9.30) | 20.34 (10.72) | -3.30 | 3.95 |
10 | Elaidic acid (C18:1n9t) | 0.40 (0.10) | 0.37 (0.15) | -0.02 | 0.42 (0.18) | 0.44 (0.22) | 0.03 | n.d |
11 | Petroselinic acid (C18:1n6) | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 0.36 | ||
12 | Oleic acid (C18:1n9c) | 21.90 (8.0) | 16.29 † # (5.22) | -5.61 † | 21.40 (7.27) | 22.40 (4.85) | 1.0 | 17.61 |
13 | Octadec-7-enoic acid (C18:1 n11) | 0.22 (0.11) | 0.07 † # (0.02) | -0.15 | 0.24 (0.12) | 0.24 (0.12) | 0.005 | 5.42 |
14 | Linolelaidic acid (C18:2n6t) | 0.26 (0.11) | 0.15 † # (0.07) | -0.11 | 0.37 (0.23) | 0.45 (0.12) | 0.08 | n.d |
15 | Linoleic acid (C18:2n6) | 15.58(4.59) | 12.12 † # (3.29) | -3.46 † | 15.46 (6.79) | 15.50 (7.06) | 0.003 | 2.08 |
16 | Arachidic acid (C20:0) | 0.15 (0.09) | 0.18 (0.07) | 0.03 | 0.55 (0.48) | 0.18 (0.12) | -0.37 | 0.61 |
17 | gamma-Linolenic acid (C18:3n6) | 0.12 (0.11) | 0.06 † # (0.04) | -0.07 † | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.12 (0.08) | 0.005 | n.d |
18 | 11-Eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) | 0.15 (0.04) | 0.14 (0.05) | -0.01 | 0.18 (0.05) | 0.12 (0.08) | -0.06 | 6.86 |
19 | alfa-Linolenic acid (C18:3n3) | 0.11 (0.06) | 0.12 † (0.07) | 0.006 | 0.23 (0.18) | 0.23 (0.13) | 0.005 | 0.78 |
20 | Rumenic acid (C18:2n7c9t11) | 0.21 (0.10) | 0.14 (0.05) | -0.07 | 0.25 (0.10) | 0.19 (0.11) | -0.06 | n.d |
21 | Octadeca-10,12-dienoic acid (C18:2 n6 t10c12) | 0.22 (0.18) | 0.20 (0.08) | -0.03 | 0.24 (0.12) | 0.27 (0.13) | 0.03 | n.d |
22 | Eicosa-11,14-dienoic acid (C20:2 n6) | 0.05 (0.02) | 0.07 (0.07) | 0.02 | 0.1 (0.07) | 0.1 (0.09) | 0.01 | n.d |
23 | Behenic acid (C22:0) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.04) | 0.001 | 0.07 (0.09) | 0.07 (0.05) | -0.001 | n.d |
24 | Eicosa-13,16-dienoic acid (C20:2 n4) | 0.10 (0.06) | n.d | 0 | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.10 (0.07) | 0.02 | n.d |
25 | Eicosa-8,11,14-trienoic acid (C20:3 n6) | 0.45 (0.17) | 0.16 † # (0.08) | -0.29 † | 0.44 (0.13) | 0.36 (0.13) | -0.07 | n.d |
26 | Tricosanoic acid (C23:0) | n.d | n.d | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.08 (0.04) | 0.04 | n.d | |
27 | Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) | 1.57 (0.68) | 1.53 † (0.65) | -0.03 † | 1.34 (0.74) | 2.25 # (0.75) | 0.91 | 1.13 |
28 | Stearidonic acid (C18:4 n3) | n.d | n.d | 0.04 (0.02) | 0.01 (0.005) | -0.03 | 0.85 | |
29 | Lignoceric acid (C24:0) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.09 † (0.03) | 0.05 † | 0.09 (0.03) | 0.03 (0.007) | -0.06 | n.d |
30 | Eicosa-5,8,11,14,17-pentaenoic acid (C20:5n3) | 0.22 (0.04) | 0.80 † # (0.55) | 0.62 † | 0.25 (0.06) | 0.32 (0.22) | 0.07 | 17.08 |
31 | Cetoleic acid (C22:1n 11) | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 3.39 | ||
32 | Docosapentaenoic acid | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 1.06 | ||
33 | Docosa-4,7,10,13,16,19-hexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) | 0.10 (0.12) | 0.38 † # (0.30) | 0.28 † | 0.13 (0.10) | 0.21 (0.19) | 0.07 | 9.03 |
34 | Erucic acid (C22:1n9) | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 0.80 | ||
35 | Squalene | n.d | n.d | n.d | n.d | 8.63 | ||
36 | Nervonic acid (C24:1n9) | 0.13 (0.04) | 0.06 (0.01) | -0.06 | 0.12 (0.005) | 0.11 (0.04) | 0.006 | 0.47 |