Fig. 3

GCF volume (µl) (a) or total protein concentration in GCF (µg/ml) (b) for each group before and after SRP therapy. Data are expressed as mean (SD). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 pre-SRP vs. post-SRP; two-way ANOVA followed by Sidak’s multiple comparisons test. ⁺p < 0.05, ⁺⁺p < 0.01, ⁺⁺⁺⁺p < 0.0001 vs. healthy group; one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparisons test. pre = pre-SRP, post = post-SRP, GCF = gingival crevicular fluid