Table 10 Summary of apical anatomy results in the mandibular first molar

Wolf et al. [57]

118

Number of accessory apical foramen only

Frequency mean %

MB ML DB DL

0 75.4% 72.0% 76.3% 96.6%

1 19.5% 21.2% 13.6% 3.4%

2 3.4% 5.1% 7.6%

3 0.8% 1.7% 1.7%

4 0.8% 0.8%

Versiani et al. [22]

25

MR with middle mesial canal

Range from

0.2 to 2.4 mm in MMCs

Brazil            Turky

1 3 (10.0%)   7 (38.9%)

2 10 (33.3%) 6 (33.3%)

3 16 (53.4)    5 (27.8%)

4 1 (3.3%)           __

Wolf et al. [61]

118

Average

MR = 0.95 mm

DR = 1.05 mm

In MR, wide and narrow ApC width 0.24 and 0.30 mm and 0.39 and 0.46 mm in DR

Moe et al. [60]

75

in MB 1–6 (1.55 ± 0.84)

in ML 1–4 (1.59 ± 0.86)

in isthmus 0–3 (0.41 ± 0.70)

in MMC 0–2 (0.23 ± 0.58)

IN TOTAL 2–8 (3.78 ± 1.36)

In MR, the largest and smallest ApC width at o.5 mm from the AF was 0.38 and 0.24, respectively

Keles & Keskin [63]

106

Average

MB = 0.70 ± 0.51

ML = 0.52 ± 0.50

MMC = 1.34 ± 1.15

Whole MR = 0.85 mm

Asijavičienė et al. [66]

60

Average

MR = 1.014 mm

DR = 1.089 mm

All roots = 1.047 mm

MR DR

1 81.48% 96.67%

2 16.67% 3.33%

3 1.85% ___

Keles et al. [24]

Bifid MR (30)

Non bifid MR (30)

In both bifid and non-bifid, this distance ranged from

0—2 mm in MB

0—2.5 mm in ML

Bifid Non bifid

2 16.7% 20%

3 33.3% 46.64%

4 10% 20%

5 20% 6.7%

6 16.7% 3.33%

7 3.3% 3.33%