Table 11 Summary of root canal isthmus in the mandibular first molar
Studies | Whole tooth/ root (N) | Isthmus classification system | Isthmus n (%) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
In total | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | Type V | PI | CI | PI/CI | |||
Mannocci et al. [47] | MR (20) | Weller | 17 (85) in the apical 5 mm | ||||||||
Gu et al. [49] | MR (36) | Weller | 32 (88.8) in the apical 6 mm | Grp A (85.5%) Grp B (87.5%) Grp C (94.4%) | Grp A (14.5%) Grp B (12.5%) Grp C (5.6%) | *Grp A (5.9:1) *Grp B (7.0:1) *Grp C (17.1:1) | |||||
Fan et al. [51] | MR (70) | Fan | 60 (86) in the apical 5 mm | 15 (23) | 19 (29) | 14 (21) | 18 (27) | ||||
Moe et al. [60] | MR (75) | Weller (In the apical 6 mm) | 58% in the apical 6 mm | (47%) | (11%) | (5.84%) | |||||
Marceliano-Alves et al. [7] | MR (104) | 1. Hsu & Kim 2. Fan | 55(52.9) (15.4%) | 8(7.7) (52.9%) | 3 (2.9) (5.8%) | 20(19.2) (46.2%) | 18(17.3) N/A | ||||
Asijavičienė et al. [66] | Whole tooth (60) | Fan | 48(80) | 21 (35) | 21 (35) | 12 (20) | 10 (16.68) | N/A | |||
Keles et al. [24] | Bifid MR (30) Non bifid MR (30) | (AAE, 2020) | 3(10) in non-bifid 2(6.6) in bifid roots | ||||||||