Table 1 Demographic Background, Oral Health-related Habits, and Clinical Characteristics of Participants at Baseline
Demographic background | Group 1 Placebo control n = 64 | Group 2 5% NaF n = 62 | Group 3 38% SDF n = 64 | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD), mo. | 61.4 (9.8) | 60.1 (10.8) | 58.7 (10.6) | 0.345a |
 min-max, mo. | 47–81 | 43–81 | 40–83 |  |
Gender | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 male | 33 (51.6) | 28 (45.2) | 34 (53.1) | 0.640 |
 female | 31 (48.4) | 34 (54.8) | 30 (46.9) |  |
Main caregiver | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 parents | 49 (76.6) | 46 (74.2) | 51 (79.7) | 0.764 |
 others | 15 (23.4) | 16 (25.8) | 13 (20.3) |  |
Father education level | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 primary school | 14 (21.9) | 16 (25.8) | 14 (21.9) | 0.641 |
 secondary school | 42 (65.6) | 35 (56.5) | 36 (56.2) |  |
 college or university | 8 (12.5) | 11 (17.7) | 14 (21.9) |  |
Mother education level | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 primary school | 9 (14.1) | 11 (17.7) | 9 (14.1) | 0.958 |
 secondary school | 43 (67.2) | 39 (62.9) | 41 (64.1) |  |
 college and university | 12 (18.8) | 12 (19.4) | 14 (21.9) |  |
Monthly family income, Thai baht | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 < 10,000 | 11 (17.2) | 11 (17.7) | 16 (25.0) | 0.510 |
 10,000–20,000 | 36 (56.3) | 39 (62.9) | 31 (48.4) |  |
 > 20,000 | 17 (26.6) | 12 (19.4) | 17 (26.6) |  |
Oral health related habits | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Tooth brushing by | Â | Â | Â | 0.704 |
 child | 54 (84.4) | 49 (79.0) | 51 (79.7) |  |
 parents | 10 (15.6) | 13 (21.0) | 13 (20.3) |  |
Frequency of brushing | Â | Â | Â | 0.421 |
 < 2 times | 12 (18.8) | 8 (12.9) | 7 (10.9) |  |
 ≥ 2 times | 52 (81.3) | 54 (87.1) | 57 (89.1) |  |
Toothpaste | Â | Â | Â | 0.646 |
 fluoride toothpaste | 61 (95.3) | 57 (91.9) | 61 (95.3) |  |
 non-fluoride toothpaste | 3 (4.7) | 5 (8.1) | 3 (4.7) |  |
Milk | Â | Â | Â | 0.956 |
 non-sugary | 21 (32.8) | 19 (30.6) | 21 (32.8) |  |
 sugary | 43 (67.2) | 43 (69.4) | 43 (67.2) |  |
On bottle feeding | Â | Â | Â | 0.823 |
 no | 56 (87.5) | 52 (83.9) | 54 (84.4) |  |
 yes | 8 (12.5) | 10 (16.1) | 10 (15.6) |  |
Daily snack consumption | Â | Â | Â | 0.149 |
 ≤ 2 times | 36 (56.3) | 45 (72.6) | 39 (60.9) |  |
 > 2 times | 28 (43.8) | 17 (27.9) | 25 (39.1) |  |
Clinical characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 dmft, mean (SD) | 5.1 (4.0) | 5.4 (4.8) | 5.5 (4.2) | 0.877 b |
 dmfs, mean (SD) | 10.9 (10.5) | 11.4 (12.6) | 11.3 (12.1) | 0.948 b |
 plaque index, mean (SD) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.5 (0.4) | 1.6 (0.4) | 0.398 a |
Carious surface characteristics | n = 904 | n = 872 | n = 909 |  |
Tooth type | Â | Â | Â | 0.986 |
 second molar | 226 (25.0) | 219 (25.1) | 224 (24.6) |  |
 first molar | 432 (47.8) | 424 (48.6) | 436 (48.0) |  |
 canine | 246 (27.2) | 229 (26.3) | 249 (27.4) |  |
Tooth position | Â | Â | Â | 0.995 |
 upper | 451 (49.9) | 437 (50.1) | 455 (50.1) |  |
 lower | 453 (50.1) | 435 (49.9) | 454 (49.9) |  |
Surface type | Â | Â | Â | 0.978 |
 mesial | 457 (50.6) | 439 (50.3) | 455 (50.1) |  |
 distal | 447 (49.4) | 433 (49.7) | 454 (49.9) |  |
Extent of caries in radiograph | Â | Â | Â | 0.326 |
 Sound | 698 (77.2) | 684 (78.4) | 673 (74.0) |  |
 RA1 | 124 (13.7) | 108 (12.4) | 129 (14.2) |  |
 RA2 | 41 (4.5) | 37 (4.2) | 49 (5.4) |  |
 RA3 | 41 (4.5) | 43 (4.9) | 58 (6.4) |  |
Contact characteristics | Â | Â | Â | 0.274 |
 closed | 633 (70.0) | 595 (68.2) | 652 (71.7) |  |
 open | 271 (30.0) | 277 (31.8) | 257 (28.3) |  |
Food impaction | Â | Â | Â | 0.599 |
 yes | 47 (5.2) | 54 (6.2) | 48 (5.3) |  |
 no | 857 (94.8) | 818 (93.8) | 861 (94.7) |  |
Adjacent surface | Â | Â | Â | 0.264 |
 sound | 686 (75.9) | 663 (76.0) | 655 (72.1) |  |
 non-cavitated caries | 185 (20.5) | 175 (20.1) | 218 (24.0) |  |
 cavitated caries | 33 (3.7) | 34 (3.9) | 36 (4.0) |  |